The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Fritillaria thunbergii

Fritillaria thunbergii is a perennial herb of the family Fritillariaceae, which often grows in temperate alpine and plateau coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests, coniferous forests and alpine thickets, and the soil is mountain brown soil, dark brown soil and alpine meadow soil. it is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine for moistening the lungs and relieving cough. It has a long history, excellent curative effect and high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Fritillaria thunbergii.

Planting environment of Fritillaria thunbergii

Fritillaria chuanensis mainly produces Xizang (south to east), Yunnan (northwest) and Sichuan (west), as well as Gansu (south), Qinghai, Ningxia, Shaanxi (Qinling) and Shanxi (south). Like cold and cool climate conditions, with the characteristics of cold tolerance, humidity, fear of high humidity, shade, the plant will wither when the air temperature reaches 30 ℃ or the ground temperature exceeds 25 ℃, and the areas with low altitude and high temperature can not survive. Under the condition of no shade at all, the seedlings are easy to die in the sun, and excessive sunlight will strengthen the water evaporation and respiration of the plants, which can easily lead to low drying rate of bulbs, and the color of Fritillaria is slightly yellow. after processing, it is easy to become "oil", "yellow" or "soft".

The selection and preparation of Fritillaria thunbergii

1. Site selection: it is appropriate to choose the leeward Yinshan or Banyin Mountain, and stay away from wheat crops to prevent rust infection. It is better to use loam or oil sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose texture and rich humus. One season of hemp can be planted in wasteland to purify weeds, mature land, improve soil structure and increase organic matter.

2. Soil preparation: the planting land of Fritillaria thunbergii needs to be prepared before freezing, remove weeds on the ground, deep plough fine rake, make a border 1.3m wide, use 1500 kg of fertilizer per mu, 50kg of calcium superphosphate and 100kg of cruller, and sprinkle it on the border surface after composting and ripening. Shallow turning, the border surface is arched.

Sowing method of Fritillaria thunbergii

1. Seed cultivation: when picking Fritillaria from June to July, the bulbs with a diameter of more than 1 cm, disease-free and damage-free were selected as seeds, and the bulbs were planted according to large, medium and small respectively, so that they were planted while digging, with bulbs of 100 kg per mu. From the second year after planting, Zhencaoning was sprayed before seedling emergence in March every year, weeds were pulled out and dilute human and animal manure water was applied in time after seedling emergence in early April, and topdressing was applied again from late April to early May. From July to August, the fruit was full and expanded, the fruit shell was yellow or brown, and the fruit was cut when the seeds were dry. After ripening treatment was carried out while fresh threshing or with fruit shell.

2. After-ripening treatment: the shelled seeds of Fritillaria thunbergii are sifted with fine humus soil with a water content of less than 10%, a layer of fruit and a layer of soil, packed in a breathable wooden box and placed in a cool and damp place. The threshed seeds should be mixed at 1:4 (seed: humus) in the storage room or in a breathable wooden box. Keep the soil moist during storage, the pericarp (seed coat) expands for about 40 days, the length of the embryo exceeds the vertical axis of the seed by 2 stroke 3, the embryo apex is curved, and the mature embryo can be sown after completing the embryo shape.

3. Sowing at the right time: Fritillaria thunbergii is usually sown before it snows from September to October, strip sowing, sowing or split-on-demand with capsule.

① strip sowing: open a horizontal ditch 1.5 cm deep on the border surface, spread seeds mixed with fine soil or plant ash evenly in the ditch, cover 3 cm of fine humus soil and cover the border surface with mountain grass or leafless branches, with seeds of 2kg / mu.

② sowing: spread the seeds evenly on the border, with 3000 seeds per square meter and 5000 seeds per square meter. Overwrite the same broadcast.

③ sowing: when the fruit is not dry, the undried fruit is divided into 3 petals, and the holes are opened according to 5-6 cm plant spacing on the border surface, 1 petal per hole and 3 cm covered with soil. This method is more labor-intensive, but the emergence rate is high.

Field management of Fritillaria thunbergii

1. Setting up a shed: during the growing period, Fritillaria thunbergii needs proper shade. After sowing, the mulch is removed before emergence in spring, and the mulch is divided into different beds for shading. The height of the low shed is 15 cm to 20 cm, and the shade degree in the first year is 50% to 70%. It was reduced to 50% in the second year and 30% in the third year, and no longer shaded in the year of harvest. The height of the high shed is about 1 meter and the shade is 50%. It is best to shade in sunny days and practice seedlings in bright sheds on overcast and rainy days.

2. Weeding: the seedlings of Fritillaria thunbergii are delicate. Weeds should be weeded diligently so as not to hurt the seedlings. Take out the little Fritillaria and plant them into the soil. Zhencaoning was used to control weeds before emergence in spring and after falling seedlings in autumn every year.

3. Topdressing: after falling seedlings in autumn, Fritillaria thunbergii was mixed with humus soil, farm manure and 25 kg calcium superphosphate per mu, and then covered with branches and bamboo to protect Fritillaria overwintering, and topdressing 3 times a year if possible.

4. Drainage and irrigation: 1-and 2-year-old plants of Fritillaria chuanensis are afraid of drought, especially if it is sunny for a long time in spring, water should be sprinkled in time to keep the soil moist, drainage and waterlogging prevention should be paid attention to after long rain or rainstorm, and hail prevention measures should be taken in hail-prone areas to avoid discounting flowers, stems and fruits.

Control of diseases and insect pests of Fritillaria thunbergii

1. Rust

Rust is the main disease of Fritillaria thunbergii, which mostly comes from wheat crops and occurs from May to June.

[prevention and control] planting in plots that are far away from wheat crops or are not easy to be attacked by Shanghe wind. Remove the diseased and disabled tissue during soil preparation to reduce the source of overwintering disease. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or reduce the field humidity to enhance disease resistance. Spraying 0.2 Baumetu stone sulfur mixture or 97% rust sodium 300 times solution at the initial stage of the disease can also be prevented and treated with benzoylammonium or acetaminophen.

2. Blight

[harm] Rhizoctonia solani harms seedlings, which occurs in the rainy season of the wheat season.

[prevention and control] pay attention to drainage, adjust the degree of shade, and uncover the shed on rainy days. Before and after the attack, the patients were sprayed with Bordeaux solution (1: 1: 1: 1: 100).

3. Root rot

[harm] Root rot usually occurs from May to June, and the root hair is yellow and rotten.

[prevention and control] pay attention to drainage, reduce soil moisture and remove diseased plants. Irrigate with 5% lime water to prevent diffusion.

4. Grub

[harm] the grub harms the plant from April to June.

[prevention and control] Irrigation with boiling water of tobacco leaves (2.5 kg per mu of tobacco leaves, boiled into 75 kg of raw liquid, and 30 kg of water per kilogram when used), or 0.5 kg of 50% chlordane EC per mu mixed with soil during soil preparation or 500 kg of water after emergence.

5. Ground tiger

The ground tiger bites on stems and leaves.

[prevention and control] sooner or later, catch or kill with 90% crystal trichlorfon mixed with poison bait.