The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Euryale seed

Gorgon fruit is a kind of annual aquatic herb of Nymphaea family. Its nutritional value and medicinal value are very high. It is widely distributed in China. It has a large area in East China. It likes warm and humid environment. It has strong adaptability. It likes warm and wet water. It is not resistant to frost and drought. It is suitable to cultivate in deep and soft soil rich in organic matter. Let's take a look at the planting technology of Gorgon fruit together.

sowing and seedling

Soaking seeds in the Yangtze River basin in early April, the water temperature was kept at 20~25℃ during the day and above 15℃ at night, and the seeds were sown for more than 10 days. 5~7 days before sowing, dig a seedling pond 2.0~2.5 meters square and 15~20 cm deep in the field. After cleaning, irrigate about 10 cm. After the mud is clarified and settled, gently put the germinated seeds near the water surface. Each pool can be planted with about 5 kg. The water should not be cut off during seedling raising, and the water depth can be gradually increased to about 15 cm with the growth of seedlings. The heart leaves of seedlings should not be buried in mud.

seedling transfer

1. About one month after seed sowing, seedlings can be transferred when they have 2~3 arrow-shaped primary leaves. 5 kg seeds need about 0.2~0.4 mu of seedling field. According to this standard, prepare the seedling field before transplanting seedlings, and irrigate about 15 cm in the seedling field. When transplanting seedlings in the nursery pool, take seedlings, wash the mud attached to the roots on the spot, and transplant the seedlings into the seedling field with a plant spacing of 35 - 50 cm square.

2. When planting seedlings, just plant seeds and "germinated stems" into the soil, and avoid burying the heart leaves. The seedling field cannot be cut off from water. It should be kept about 15 cm when it is just planted, and gradually deepened to 30~40 cm after returning to green. Before planting, according to the water level of the field or lake, gradually deepen the water level of the seedling field, so that the seedlings can adapt to the deep water environment after planting.

timely planting

1. In the middle and late June, when the diameter of the round shield shaped secondary leaves reaches 25~30 cm, the seedlings can be planted (about 8~10 mu of field can be planted for every 5 kg of seeds). Before planting, the holes are opened according to the square plant spacing of 2 meters (purple flower Su Qian) or 2.3 meters (white flower Su Qian)(planting 125~166 plants per mu). The holes are dug into square shape at the top (about 1.4 meters on each side) and bottom shape at the bottom, 15~20 cm deep.

2. Weeds should be removed when opening holes, and appropriate amount of base fertilizer should be applied. After 1~2 days, the muddy water in the holes can be removed and planted. Seedlings planted in the center of the hole, the depth of just buried roots and underground stem height (the top of the heart leaf must be exposed in the soil), generally 7~10 days can be green. Before planting, plant Zizania latifolia according to the row spacing of plants. When planting, plant Zizania latifolia according to the position of pond grass. When the diameter of the leaves is about 70 cm, all the pond grass can be pulled out.

field management

1. At least 1~2 times of seedling inspection should be carried out after seedling planting to ensure complete seedlings. The water depth should not be shallower than 30~40 cm when planting. After survival, it can gradually increase to 70~100 cm, and the deepest should not exceed 1.2~1.5 meters. In shallow water paddy field seed thickening, water depth to maintain 30~40 cm is appropriate.

2. Weed 3~5 times before planting seedlings according to the growth of weeds. Weed can be combined with root blocking, that is, soil around holes should be pushed into holes to block roots one by one. Plants should not be damaged during operation. Topdressing can be combined with root blocking.

3. Fertilization methods of thickened seedlings generally adopt deep application of fertilizer balls (before sealing) or spraying outside roots (after sealing). Fertilizer balls are made of soil and fertilizer. 50 kg decomposed manure, 20 kg urea, 20 kg calcium superphosphate and 10 kg potassium chloride per 100 kg fine soil. When fertilizing, pinch into goose egg big fat ball, evenly plug in the tillage layer around the root system.

4. Spraying P fertilizer (0.2% KH_2PO_4) and B fertilizer (0.1% boric acid) several times on the leaves in the evening of sunny day can obviously improve the yield and quality of seedlings. When the water temperature is higher than 35℃ in July and August, cold water should be poured on the leaves frequently in the morning to reduce the leaf temperature and promote flowering and fruiting.

bingchong prevention

1. Leaf spot disease

[Symptoms] At the beginning of the disease, there are many round spots on the leaf edge, dark green at the beginning, then dark brown, sometimes with ring patterns, easy to rot and perforate. When wet, the spots are covered with gray mold layer of rats. When seriously ill, the spots can be combined into pieces, causing the whole leaf to rot.

[Control] In addition to rotation and no partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, foliar spray of thiophanate-methyl (70% WP)800~1000 times solution or carbendazim (50% WP)400~500 times solution can also be used.

2. Leaf tumor disease

[Symptoms] The pathogen is fungi, and the incidence is more frequent from July to August. At the beginning of the disease, pale green macula appeared on the leaves, and then the swelling was tumor-like, 4~40 cm in diameter and 2~8 cm high.

[Control] In addition to rotation, in the season of disease, 800~1000 times solution of thiophanate-methyl and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on leaves.

3. Anthrax

[Symptoms] Anthracnose mainly occurs on plant leaves, often damaging leaf edges and leaf tips. In severe cases, most of the leaves are withered and black.

[Control] Remove diseased leaves of diseased plants, spray or pour with 50% of 1000~1500 times of wettable powder, once every 7 days, for 2~3 consecutive times.