The latest course of Maka's High-yield planting techniques and methods

Maka is an annual to perennial herb or semi-shrub of Cruciferae. It has a lot in common with other plants of the genus Brassica. It is native to high-altitude mountain areas and is suitable for growing in high altitude, low latitude, high temperature difference between day and night, slightly acidic sandy soil and sunny land. Let's take a look at Maka's high-yield planting techniques.

The growth habit of Maka

Maka's growth conditions are very harsh, and it is only suitable for growing in the alpine zone of the plateau and mountain areas. it requires a temperature difference of more than 30 ℃ between day and night, abundant rainfall and a freshwater lake around it, which limits its planting. And because of its strong "absorption" of soil nutrients, the land needs to rest for seven years for every harvest. The Andes in South America and the Yulong Snow Mountain in Lijiang, Yunnan, China, are the best places to meet these stringent conditions. After 7-9 months of sowing, the expanded macagan can be obtained when the plant grows to 12-20 cm long, blossoms again a few months later, and fruit can be obtained one and a half months after flowering. Under suitable conditions, it takes only one year to complete a life cycle.

The breeding method of Maka

1. Seedbed: select sandy loam or light loam where cruciferous crops have not been planted in the past 3 years, such as leeward and sunny, gentle terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, low groundwater level, deep and loose soil layer, and the soil pH value is 6.5-7.5.

2. Soil preparation: before March, ploughing and drying, fine crushing the soil, removing weeds and stones from the fields, and before the last ploughing, 22.5 to 30 tons of mature farm manure and 1500 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer were applied per hectare, ploughed and raked flat, and flat beds were made according to 1 meter wide and 5 meters long.

3. Seeds: full and glossy seeds should be selected for Maka seedlings. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 25-30 ℃ warm water for 24 hours, then soak the seeds in formalin solution for 15 minutes to sterilize, rinse them with clean water, dry them and sow them in fine soil.

4. Sowing: choose a windless and sunny noon in the middle of March, pour enough water on the seedling bed before sowing, spread the seeds evenly on it after the water has seeped, cover 0.5 cm of culture soil, cover the bed with a layer of pine needles after sowing, and then cover the black sunshade net.

5, seedling stage: generally 5-10 days seedling, 15-20 days seedling, seedling 70-80% timely removal of pine needles and sprinkle a thin layer of fine soil to the bed to preserve soil moisture, to prevent seedlings from exposing roots. After one month of seedling growth, the sunshade net was removed and the seedlings were refined in the open air.

Planting techniques of Maka

1. Site selection: Maka prefers cold and humid climate, which is more hardy and adaptable, so it is suitable for planting in cold and cold mountain areas with an altitude of 2700 to 3200 meters above sea level. Avoid high temperature and waterlogging, and avoid continuous cropping in plots that have not planted cruciferous crops for many years.

2. Soil preparation: the Maka planting land was ploughed twice. Before the last ploughing, 37.5 to 45 tons of rotten high-quality farm manure and 75 to 1500 kilograms of common calcium were applied to the surface evenly. When ploughing and ploughing, they were buried in the soil, raked flat and ditched 2 meters wide to make a sunny bed for planting.

3. Planting: from the middle of May to the first ten days of June, the seedlings were collected in stages and in batches when there were 10 true leaves. One plant was planted in each pond and 15 ~ 180000 plants per hectare. When transplanting, the seedlings must be exposed to the soil surface and watered thoroughly.

4. Water and fertilizer: after Maka planting survived, it was watered according to the soil moisture in the sunny morning, topdressing 2 times according to the seedling condition, applying 150 kg N, P, KZ compound fertilizer per hectare each time, ploughing and loosening the soil for 3-4 times during the growing period, and artificially pulling out weeds in the field.

5. Diseases and insect pests: Maka's disease resistance is very strong, there is generally no disease in the planting process, and the pests are mainly harmed by aphids. Each hectare can be sprayed with 120 grams of imidacloprid wettable powder 120 grams and 150 grams of water and 450 kilograms of water.

6. Harvest: from late November to early December, the leaves of most Maka plants turn yellow and fade, the fleshy roots are fully dilated, and the base is round and blunt. After harvest, remove the leaves, remove the soil and fibrous roots, wash them with water, cut them into slices and dry them to become a commodity.