Agricultural development needs to shift from food supply to economic benefits.

Promoting agricultural modernization and changing the mode of agricultural development is the focus of agricultural development in China's "13th five-year Plan". How to change the mode of agricultural development during the 13th five-year Plan? In the view of Li Jieren, secretary of the party group of the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, there was an urgent need to change the way in which extensive production was pursued in the past and the inefficiency brought about by over-dispersed small-scale peasant production.

"first of all, ideally, it is the transformation of the whole, from big to small. From a broad point of view, that is to say, the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, from over-reliance on resource-intensive and input factors of production to relying on technological progress and resource conservation, and from simply ensuring the supply of agricultural products to economic efficiency, improve overall production efficiency. " Li Jieren believes that at the same time, the development and growth mode of agriculture need to be more market-oriented.

The mode of agricultural development: it is time to change urgently.

NBD: what are the requirements for agricultural development in the 13th five-year Plan and development? Is there a corresponding clear plan?

Li Jieren: the proposal of the 13th five-year Plan adopted by the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has put forward clear requirements for vigorously promoting agricultural modernization. The key point is to actively innovate and improve the system and mechanism of modern agricultural development, vigorously improve the overall quality of the agricultural industry, adhere to green development, promote the protection and sustainable utilization of agricultural resources, and make overall use of both domestic and foreign markets and resources. establish a reasonable policy system to protect the interests of farmers.

Among the five major development concepts put forward by the Fifth Plenary session of the CPC Central Committee, they all put forward specific development directions and objectives for agriculture. The 13th five-year Plan is the final stage of "building a well-off society in an all-round way". Agriculture is one of the weak links or one of the shortcomings. Without agricultural modernization and hundreds of millions of farmers getting rid of poverty and becoming rich, we cannot say that we have achieved a well-off society in an all-round way.

NBD: now there are many ways to change. Is it time for China's agriculture to urgently need to change?

Li Jieren: yes, this is for sure. This is not only basically the same as the background of the overall economic development of our country, but also consistent with the reality of the development of agriculture itself. For example, the ecological environment has turned on a "yellow light" and the problem of food safety has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, international competition is becoming increasingly fierce, many varieties have formed a serious price upside down, the price "ceiling" continues to fall, the cost of the floor is constantly rising, and the "yellow box" space of policy subsidies is also shrinking; how to protect farmers' income, protect farmers' enthusiasm for farming, improve agricultural production efficiency, and achieve agricultural modernization, these factors require that the growth mode of agriculture must be changed.

Agricultural products subsidy: the most important thing is to improve the price formation system

NBD: in recent years, the price problem of agricultural products is quite prominent, such as soybeans, sugar and so on. The price gap between domestic and foreign countries is very large. How to solve the price problem of agricultural products?

Li Jieren: first of all, it is difficult to adjust the price of agricultural products completely according to the market demand and supply. Because the per capita arable land of farmers in our country is less, it is difficult to improve production efficiency, and the cost is bound to increase, so if the prices of agricultural products are fully compared and in line with the prices of countries with international advantages, it is very difficult to guarantee farmers' income and enthusiasm for growing grain. It is also impossible to ensure the coordinated development between urban and rural areas.

Therefore, the state has introduced policies, including the minimum purchase price system, temporary acquisition and storage system, target price pilot and other policies, to implement price protection and subsidies for agricultural products. However, with the change of agricultural situation at home and abroad, the original policy is gradually facing new problems.

The focus of the next step of reform is to gradually reform and improve the price formation mechanism of agricultural products according to the importance of all kinds of major agricultural products in the national economy and the people's livelihood, and to determine prices according to the principle of being close to the market and ensuring the reasonable income of farmers. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the agricultural subsidy system and maintain the continuity and stability of agricultural subsidy policies.

NBD: land transfer has been tried in many places in recent years, such as the Dipiao in Chongqing, how to treat it?

Li Jieren: on the issue of the transfer of land management rights, the key is to grasp that, first, the agricultural attribute of land can not be changed, which is determined by the national conditions of our country. Second, the scale should be moderate, and the scale will be different with different conditions in different places. as long as the policy is appropriate and is not blindly promoted or restricted, producers will find a way, judging from the actual situation of our country, among them, the scale of household management will have a basic position for a long time.

The land ticket in Chongqing should be a measure for the management of industrial and commercial land. It is not a concept to expand the transfer of land management rights in the scale of agricultural management. With regard to the reform of the rural land expropriation system, at present, there are some effective methods in China, and various localities can adjust measures to local conditions, but on the whole, it must be to ensure that the "red line" of cultivated land is not broken and to ensure the rights and interests of farmers.

The development of agricultural e-commerce: solving the two "one kilometer"

NBD: the country is making great efforts to build rural infrastructure, how can e-commerce change agriculture?

Li Jieren: in the "Internet +" era, there must be Internet thinking in the whole social and economic development, and agriculture is no exception. Moreover, the development of agricultural e-commerce is precisely conducive to solving a bigger problem in agricultural tradition, that is, the problem of how scattered small farmers' small production connects with the big market.

NBD: agricultural e-commerce is also very hot at present, enterprises and farmers have a strong will, how to promote it in the future?

Li Jieren: at present, the government is vigorously promoting the development of agricultural "Internet +" and has formulated relevant development policies and plans, with strengthening the construction of rural information infrastructure and network platform as the focus, and strengthening top-level design and institutional arrangements.

In the specific operation and development, we should rely on market-oriented means, operators and enterprises to gradually explore various effective measures. The government sets up the stage, enterprises sing the opera, and let a hundred flowers blossom.

I personally feel that agricultural e-commerce, especially fresh e-commerce, has some unique difficulties relative to some other products, such as dispersion and high quality requirements, which is difficult to solve. Dispersion requires solving the two "last kilometer", one is the first kilometer, how to enter the village and how to enter the household, in the face of a large number of scattered producers and operators, and the other is to reach the last kilometer in the hands of consumers. Logistics costs and operating costs are high. Quality requires the establishment of a high reputation brand, the establishment of unified and standardized production norms, testing norms. Although it is difficult, now both the government and enterprises are actively exploring, believing that agricultural e-commerce will bring new vitality to the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture.