The latest course of cultivation techniques of Melia azedarach

Neem is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has high utilization value, which is mainly manifested in its flowers, fruits, leaves, root bark and wood. Neem is mainly distributed in the south of the Yellow River in China, and has been widely cultivated. So do you know how to grow neem? Do you know its planting techniques? So, today let's learn the cultivation techniques of neem.

1. Land selection and preparation

Neem has the characteristics of being warm, moist, alkali-tolerant and barren-tolerant. Generally, it is suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil, fertile soil, good drainage, rich humus content and good permeability. But slightly acidic red soil, yellow soil, sandy soil, black soil and so on can also be used to grow neem. However, it should be noted that heavy sticky land and poorly drained shady land are also not suitable for growing neem. When preparing the soil, clean up the gravel, withered branches, roots and weeds in the field; at the same time, combine with the base fertilizer to clean up. The amount of base fertilizer is controlled at 3,000 to 4,000 kg per mu, mainly organic fertilizer. Finally, the clods are knocked fine and the ground is leveled, waiting for planting.

2. Methods of reproduction

There are two main propagation methods of neem, which are seed propagation and cutting propagation. Seed propagation should be treated before sowing, otherwise the budding rate is slow and the budding rate is very low. Generally speaking, the method of treatment is to soak the neem seeds in water with a water temperature of about 70 or 80 degrees. After the seeds fully absorb water, they are fished out to accelerate germination, and about 10% of the seeds can be sowed after they are exposed. However, before sowing, the seeds need to be soaked in potassium permanganate solution for a few minutes, which can improve the resistance of the seeds. Cutting propagation is generally carried out from the end of February to the beginning of March every year, select robust neem branches, cut into small segments of 15 centimeters, and then cut according to the distance between rows of 35 centimeters.

3. Transplanting and planting

When the seedlings of neem grow to about 35 to 50 centimeters, we will transplant them. The planting density is generally about 55 to 110 plants per mu. At the beginning, the spacing between rows was three to four meters, and the spacing between plants was two to three meters. When the plant grows again, then we need to transplant again, with row spacing of five to six meters and plant spacing of four to five meters. When planting, it is necessary to ensure that the roots of neem seedlings fully stretch, so the length, width and height of the planting holes are generally about 50 to 70 centimeters.

4. Cultivation and management

After neem planting, the survival of neem should be checked and seedlings should be replenished in time to ensure the integrity of neem in the field. In the first three years after neem cultivation, the times of fertilization and watering are generally three times and five times per year. Topdressing is mainly based on available nitrogen fertilizer and available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the amount of each plant is controlled at about one jin, ditching and topdressing. Watering is carried out according to the growth of neem seedlings and pay attention to drainage when it is rainy to avoid stagnant water in the field. Finally, we also need to carry out timely ploughing, weeding and soil cultivation to ensure the permeability of the soil and avoid harming the roots of neem.

5. Disease and pest control

The most common diseases of neem in the growth process are canker, brown spot, clump disease, mosaic disease, leaf spot disease, we can use targeted agents to control, such as chlorothalonil, Bordeaux liquid and so on. The main pests are yellow diamondback moth, diamondback moth, spotted wax cicada, star longicorn beetle, which can be controlled by dimethoate, fenitrothion and so on.

Neem planting is generally carried out in accordance with this process, of course, when we plant, we also need to pay attention to pruning the tree, which is also very beneficial to the yield of neem in the later stage.