The latest course of cultivation techniques of Chinese rose

Rose is a deciduous plant native to temperate zone, which has a certain tolerance to cold. When planting in most areas of northern China, it needs to bury the soil to protect overwintering. Other areas can survive the winter naturally in the open field, like the sun, and have no strict requirements for the length of sunshine, so they can continue to blossom, stop growing in the midsummer season, and bloom less. In winter, if you enter the high-temperature greenhouse, it will be evergreen and continue to bloom, but it is disadvantageous to the growth in the coming year. Loam and clay soil, which are not strict with soil requirements, like neutral and well-drained loam, can tolerate weak alkali. Poor growth in sandy soil and acid soil, strong fertilizer tolerance, the need to often supplement fertilizer can continue to blossom.

Propagation methods of Chinese rose

The propagation of rose is mainly vegetative propagation, which can be cut, grafted, split, striped and so on, and cutting and grafting are the most widely used.

1. Cuttage propagation

Rose cutting propagation, first of all to do a good job in the preparation of cutting hotbed, to put brewing heat in the hotbed, such as horse dung or leaves, watering compaction, will produce a certain amount of heat. Cut the backward semi-lignified branches of flowers from the mother plant of the rose, the length is about 10 cm, and the branches generally have three bud eyes. all the leaves in the lower part of the cuttings should be cut off, leaving only the top two leaves for photosynthesis. leaves should not be left too much, consuming nutrients in the stem and evaporating a large amount of water, and the base of the cuttings is cut into a "horseshoe" oblique shape, which is placed in a clear water basin to prevent air drying and cut in time. The most suitable temperature for rose rooting is 20 ℃ 25 ℃. Generally, it can start rooting only when it is more than 8 Mel. If the ground temperature is lower than 8 ℃ in winter, it is difficult to take root after cutting. When the temperature picks up in spring, in addition to paying attention to bed spraying, do not ignore the moisture of the bed, otherwise due to lack of water, cuttings withered, and even rooted seedlings will be dried to death. The method of checking the matrix is to insert the soil into a depth of 8 mi 10 cm by hand and take out a little. If the hand is pinched into a ball, it indicates that the moisture is appropriate, and if it is not pinched into a ball, it indicates that the soil is short of water. First, use a wooden stick to pierce the hole, and then press the cuttings in the sand hole by hand. The depth of the cuttings is 1 peg 3 of the cuttings, and the spacing should be that the leaves are not joined together. After inserting, you should use a fine spray pot to water and water thoroughly, sprinkle the bed sand and cover it with plastic film, shade for a week, the leaves should be sprayed twice a day, the wound will begin to heal after about a week, and it can take root and transplant in about a month. While digging and planting, adding 1% Murray 2% copper sulfate and about 0.50% urea into the mud can not only prevent root rot but also promote the growth and survival of seedlings. Before putting on the pot, put the broken tiles on the drainage mouth of the flowerpot, add the mixed soil, then plant the seedlings with soil into the pot, process and compact them layer by layer, pour water once after planting, put it under the shade shed for 10 days, move it to the sunny place of ventilation, and pour water once a day after putting on the pot.

2. Grafting propagation

Grafting is the main means of breeding rose, when grafting, the selection of rootstocks is very important. The source of cuttings is sufficient, it is easy to take root, can adapt to the local climatic conditions, and has a good affinity with the scion. At present, the commonly used rootstock in China is Rosa. Branch grafting is often used in dormant period, before leaf buds sprout in spring. Bud grafting is often used in growing period.

Cultivation and Management of Chinese Rose

The cultivation of rose can be divided into protected cultivation and open field cultivation.

1. Protected cultivation (potted)

Rose is a light-loving plant, but too much light is disadvantageous to the development of flower buds, but it grows in places where there is not enough sunlight and the branches are slender. It takes about 45 days from budding to flowering, and the optimum temperature for growth is 15 ℃. Within this temperature range, the flowering is large and beautiful, but at 30 ℃, the flowers growing slowly, the flowers flowering above 30 ℃ become smaller and the flower color becomes lighter. 2-3 years of seedlings should be pruned, the old roots should be cut short to promote the new roots, but the roots should not be too heavy, the roots should be stretched when planting, the plants should be upright, and the potted soil should not be filled up. Pots are generally carried out in the dormant period, and the rose grows vigorously. Need a lot of fertilizer, change the basin once a year or once every other year, change the basin in the dormant period, after changing the basin need to be watered twice. Spring, summer and autumn should be placed in places with plenty of sunshine, good ventilation and no stagnant water. After the Qingming Festival, it is a meticulous pruning of the rose out of the cellar, leaving the strong branches of the rose, and the other horizontal branches, weak branches, cross branches, and overdense branches should be cut off, and the selected branches should be selected from the base with 3 color and 5 bud holes, and all the above branches should be cut off, so that the plant can absorb a lot of nutrients from the soil and provide long-term growth needs of leaf buds and flower buds that leave branches after pruning. Remember to prune the buds after germination, and the late pruning affects the first flowering, which requires a high degree of consistency in growth. Each plant can leave 5 main branches with a maximum of 7 branches. If the potted rose is not dry or watered, it will be thoroughly watered. The summer weather is hot, the evaporation capacity is big, the potted plant watering water should be more, especially in the evening one time should irrigate enough. Rose grows poorly and blossoms less when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃. Some people think that it is due to lack of fertility, so they apply more topdressing, on the contrary, it is bad. In the middle of summer, we generally do not topdressing, but only apply thin fertilizer frequently to the sturdy branches, once a week, twice a week. If we can take proper shade after 11:00, and bask in the sun again after 4 p.m., to avoid the hot temperature at noon, it can also withstand the weaker sunshine in the afternoon, which is conducive to photosynthesis and accumulate nutrients for the next crop of flowers. Fertilization can be applied after pruning, and 50% of human feces and urine are mixed with 2% superphosphate. In the middle of February, 3% of human feces and urine or 1% urea can be applied, or urea can be applied before and after rain. It is not suitable to apply fertilizer when the new shoots are red. At this time, fertilization leads to young root injury, wilting or stopping plant growth, so special attention is paid to it. The rose also needs to be pruned in the middle, mainly cutting off the sprouting branches of the grafted rootstocks, cutting off the residual flowers and sparse buds with leaves after flowering, cutting the weak flower branches from the base after the first crop of flowers, and the other sturdy flower branches, then cut off from the residual flowers under 2 murine leaves and 3 leaves, and the second crop flowers can still be pruned by the method of thinning weak branches, leaving strong branches and strong buds. Rose also needs to be pruned once before overwintering, but not prematurely. When pruning rose, not only strong branches should be selected, but also attention should be paid to the uniformity of principal and subordinate branches. Large flower varieties should have 6 strong branches, each branch should select a lateral strong bud at the height of 30ml / 40cm, and cut off the upper branches. For vine and rattan varieties, the old branches, weak branches, disease and insect branches were removed.

2. Open field cultivation

Rose planted in open field has developed root system, rapid growth, strong plant, small flowers and high ornamental value. in management, cultivation measures are selected according to different types, growth habits and geographical conditions, and the cultivation land is high, sunny and well ventilated. the soil is slightly acidic. The planting density of upright varieties is 75 cm x 75 cm, the plant row spacing of expansive varieties is 100 cm x 100 cm, the plant row spacing of vertical varieties is 40 cm x 50 cm, and that of rattan varieties is 200 cm x 200 cm.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of rose

1. Chemical control

(1) powdery mildew

A fungal disease that harms flowers in an environment with poor ventilation at high temperature and high humidity. There is a phenomenon of powdery mildew on the tender leaves, which is called powdery mildew. 600 times the liquid of strychnine or 400 times of the solution can be used.

(2) Black spot

Harmed by fungi, the mycelium or conidia disk overwintered in the soil on diseased residual branches or fallen leaves, and the next spring absorbed water to produce conidia, which were mainly transmitted by wind and rain. Rainy, foggy and dewy weather was conducive to spore germination, so it was easy to occur. When there are water droplets on the leaves, the spores can germinate and invade after 6 hours. Under the condition of high air humidity in rainy season, it is beneficial to the reproduction of bacteria and the prevalence of diseases. The foliar surface can be sprayed with 0.10 Mel 0.20 Baume Sulphur mixture and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 Mel 1000 times.

2. Comprehensive prevention and control

In order to eradicate germs in early spring, in early spring, pruning was carried out before the tree potential was not active after the rose came out of the cellar. Before sprouting, the rose was sprayed comprehensively and carefully (including the plant pot soil and the field around the basin). Baume 0.50ml stone sulfur mixture was sprayed. Plant regular medication control, can be used 75% wettable chlorothalonil 500 times solution and 18% multi-fungus copper 150 times solution sprayed once every 10 days, such as rain after spraying, but also timely spraying, medication time is June-September regular medication to control the occurrence of black spot.