The latest chrysanthemum cultivation techniques tutorial

Chrysanthemum is a compositae plant. It is used as a medicine in capitulum. It is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effects of dispelling wind and heat, clearing liver and improving eyesight. It is mainly used to treat exogenous wind-heat, dizziness and headache. Regular drinking chrysanthemum tea has summer in addition to trouble, the heart of the function of eyesight. Chrysanthemum is cultivated all over the country, among which the famous chrysanthemum in Anhui, Hangzhou chrysanthemum in Zhejiang, Huai chrysanthemum in Henan and Qi chrysanthemum in Hebei are important export Chinese medicinal materials in China and exported to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Chrysanthemum likes warm climate and sunny environment, can be cold-resistant, afraid of waterlogging, but seedling stage, flowering stage can not lack water, chrysanthemum is a short-day plant, very sensitive to the length of sunshine response, no more than 10 hours of light per day, can bud flowering.

Cultivation techniques

1, land preparation: planting chrysanthemum land on the soil requirements are not strict, but the direct selection of good drainage, fertile, loose, rich in humus soil growth is good. Clay land and low depression should not be planted, saline-alkali land should not be planted, avoid continuous cropping.

2. Propagation methods: there are ramet propagation and cuttage propagation.

(1) Plant division and propagation: after picking chrysanthemum in November, cut off chrysanthemum stems on the ground, select healthy and disease-free plants, dig out all their roots, replant them on a fertile plot, apply a layer of soil fertilizer to keep warm and overwinter. From March to April of the next year, the manure soil is removed and watered. From April to May, when the chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 15 cm high, the whole plant is dug out, divided into several plants, and immediately planted in the field. The plant spacing is 40 cm. The holes are dug, and 1-2 seedlings are planted in each hole. After planting, they are compacted and watered. Generally, one mu of old seedlings can be planted in about 15 mu of production field.

(2) Cutting propagation: In April to May or June to August, strong and disease-free new techniques are selected as cuttings. take that middle section, cutting into small section of 10- 15cm, treating cuttings with plant hormone, inserting the cuttings into seedbed, row spacing of 20- 25cm, plant spacing of 6- 7cm, compacting and watering, rooting after about 20 days, applying human and animal excrement water once every other month, and transplanting when the seedlings are 20cm high.

(3) Transplanting: the ramets were transplanted in April to May, and the cuttings were transplanted in May to June. Choose cloudy day or after rain or sunny evening, in the whole ridge surface, according to the row distance of 40 cm, hole depth of 6 cm, then, with digging seedlings, cuttage seedlings each hole planted 1 plant, divided seedlings each hole planted 1-2 plants. After planting, cover soil and compact, and pour root water.

Planting field management

1. Intertillage weeding: After chrysanthemum seedlings are transplanted and survive, 4- 5 times of weeding should be carried out before budding. Each time weeding should be shallow not straight deep, at the same time to carry out soil cultivation, to prevent chrysanthemum seedlings lodging.

2, topdressing: chrysanthemum fertilizer, in addition to applying enough base fertilizer, growth period should also be 5 times topdressing. For the first time, after transplanting, 10-15 kg urea was applied to promote seedlings. The second time in the plant branch, each mu can be applied cake fertilizer, human excrement, the third fertilization in the bud stage.

3. Bud picking: After chrysanthemum branches, before and after small fullness, when the seedling height is 25 cm, carry out the first topping, pick the top 1-2 cm on sunny days, and then pick the top once every half month, stop after summer heat, otherwise the branches are too much, malnutrition, flower head becomes small, but affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemum.

4, pest control: chrysanthemum common diseases are root rot, downy mildew, brown spot disease and so on. In rainy season, chrysanthemum leaves wither easily, pull up a look, root rot, and root-stage nematodes, seriously affecting the growth of chrysanthemum. The control method is to treat chrysanthemum seedlings and planting holes with carbofuran before transplanting to avoid rot; in addition, the diseased plants should be pulled out in time; the accumulated water in the field should be removed in time in rainy season. Other pests and diseases can be dealt with according to conventional methods.

harvesting and processing

It is usually harvested from frost to early winter. The harvest time is 2/3 of the time when the flowers are scattered. Chrysanthemum harvest to choose sunny days, harvest should be timely processing to prevent decay, discoloration. Each production area has traditional processing methods. The processing method of millichrysanthemum is as follows: when the flowers are in full bloom and the petals are generally white, the stems are cut off, tied into small bundles, hung upside down in a ventilated and dry place to dry, and cannot be exposed to the sun, otherwise the fragrance is poor. When it is dried to 80%, the flowers can be picked off, smoked with sulfur in the fumigation room, and then dried in the sun for 1 day. Then box it. The processing method of tribute chrysanthemum is as follows: refining and drying in a direct drying room, using smokeless charcoal as fuel, controlling the temperature of the room at 40-50 DEG C, spreading chrysanthemum on a bamboo curtain, taking it out from the room when the color is ivory white, and placing it in a ventilated drying place until it is completely dry. Chrysanthemum yield per mu is generally about 100 kg, to flower large, white or fresh yellow flowers, petals hypertrophy or petals more and closer, gas fragrance for the best.