The latest culture methods of rubber trees

Rubber trees, native to the Amazon forest, were transplanted to Kew in 1873, 22 trefoil trees were transported to Singapore in 1877 and spread to the Malay Peninsula in 1898. Rubber trees are tall trees with rich milk. It is suitable for the growth of acid sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile and moist soil and good drainage. The glue can be cut after planting for 6-8 years. The economic life of the real tree is 35-40 years, the budding tree is 15-20 years, and the growth life is about 60 years. Special national glue planting areas are mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and other regions. The main raw material for making rubber is natural rubber, which is made by solidifying and drying the latex from rubber trees.

Growth habits of rubber trees

Rubber trees like warm, humid, sunny environment, but also slightly resistant to shade, not cold. It is required to have fertile and loose soil and grow well in neutral or acidic soil. When potted, it is appropriate to use rotten leaf soil, grass ash soil plus about 1 to 4 river sand and a small amount of base fertilizer to form culture soil. Usually keep the soil moist and apply dilute liquid fertilizer every 15-20 days. High temperature in summer, rubber trees grow faster, should be fat and water, but to avoid stagnant water in the basin. After entering autumn, fertilization and watering are gradually reduced to promote plant growth and enrichment, which is conducive to overwintering. Because rubber trees like the sun, they should be kept outside in the sun from spring to autumn; if placed in a shaded place for a long time, it is easy to cause leaves to yellowing and falling off. Like sunshine, single is also more shady, watering more overnight tea, the whole plant should often spray water, wipe the leaves with a wet cloth, which is beneficial to photosynthesis.

Because the rubber tree is not resistant to cold, it must be moved to the sunny place indoors for maintenance in winter, keeping the room temperature above 10 ℃, and the minimum temperature not lower than 5 ℃; if the temperature is too low and the basin soil is wet, it will cause the leaves to blacken and fall off and the roots to rot, or even the whole plant to die. Move to the courtyard or balcony for maintenance from the end of April to the beginning of May next year. The north should pay attention to the change of season from indoor to outdoor can not immediately receive strong sunlight, that is, the light and temperature should not change too much. If the room temperature is low in winter, a small amount of water should be watered to keep the basin soil slightly tidal. The leaves of the rubber tree are bright, green and pleasant, and its plants are tall and imposing, so they are suitable to be placed on the balcony to green the environment.

Placement position

Potted plants can be placed on the east, south and west balconies for management, among which the south balcony has the best cultivation effect. Its plant is relatively tall, suitable for planting on a very spacious balcony. During its vigorous growth stage, the plant should be placed where it is exposed to direct sunlight for not less than 2 hours a day. The environment should be kept ventilated in summer. It doesn't matter if the temperature is a little lower in winter.

Potted plant management

The sandy loam rich in humus should be selected as the cultivation medium. If conditions permit, the basin soil can be made up of rotten leaves, fine sand and garden soil at a ratio of 1:1:2 by volume. Rubber tree plants are relatively tall and grow rapidly, and large flowerpots are usually selected for planting. Rubber trees like micro-tide dry soil environment, summer is the stage where they need the most water and can be watered more; winter is the period when they need the least water, so they should be watered less. In addition to applying about 50 grams of horseshoe slices as base fertilizer at the bottom of the flowerpot during planting, dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied every lO day in the vigorous growth stage. Rubber trees like to shine in direct sunlight and are resistant to shade. If there are conditions, it is best to let the plant be able to accept all-day sunlight. Just keep the environment properly ventilated. Rubber tree is fond of high temperature environment, it grows well in the temperature range of 16 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, and the overwintering temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃. Before the new buds germinate in spring every year, the old branches of the plant are truncated 2 to 3 or 1 to 2 to promote the formation of new branches and prune the inner bore branches and thin and weak branches at the same time. In balcony cultivation, rubber trees are usually rarely sick, but they are vulnerable to grubs. Large plants of more than three years old should be turned once every spring and March. During the operation, some of the old roots can be cut off, some new soil can be replaced, and the branches of the plant can be cut in the middle to promote branching. In this way, the plant has a stronger growth potential, so that the ornamental value is greatly improved.

Reproduction method

The cuttage method is the main method of propagation, which is mostly carried out from March to April in spring. Fine sand can be used as propagation substrate. The specifications of the basin can be determined according to the specific needs. Combined with pruning, the newly lignified branches of the rubber tree are cut into single segments with 1 leaf in each segment. White mucus will flow out from the stem incision, which can be washed away with warm water, and then dipped in a small amount of charcoal powder to the surface of the incision. Fill the small flowerpot with fine sand, then insert a bamboo stick about 20 centimeters long, keep the polarity of the cut stem of the rubber tree into the soil, wrap the bamboo stick in the middle of the leaf and tie it with string. Then put the flowerpot containing cuttings into the plastic shed and often spray water to moisturize. Under the condition of 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, rubber tree cuttings can take root after about 4 weeks, and can be planted in pots when the seedlings grow 2-3 new leaves. The method of pressing strip can also be used to raise seedlings.

It was propagated by cutting and high branch pressing. After the temperature warms up in May, 1-2-year-old branches are cut, and every 3 nodes are cuttings (or single buds). Remove the lower leaves, and the upper two leaves are folded together and inserted into the inserting bed. To prevent lodging, you can set up another stick. The inserting machine is sealed and moisturized with plastic film. When the temperature is about 25 ℃, it can take root in pot for about 4 ~ 6 weeks. In the family, the use of high branch pressing method is more convenient, and the success rate is also high. Select the 2-year-old branch, first peel the branch in a ring, 1 cm ~ 15 cm wide, then wrap it around the wound with wet moss and peat, and finally wrap it with plastic film and tie up the upper and lower ends. Press the strip in June and cut off the potted plant after taking root from July to August.