The latest culture methods of Chinese rose

Rose is known as the king of flowers, also known as "moon red", Rosaceae. Evergreen or semi-evergreen low shrub, flowering all seasons, red, or pink, occasionally white, can be used as an ornamental plant, can be used as a medicinal plant, also known as rose. The natural flowering period is from May to November, and the flowers are large and fragrant, widely used in horticulture and cut flowers. The main types of rose flowers are cut rose, edible rose, rattan rose, ground cover rose and so on.

Growth habit

Strong adaptability, not resistant to cold and high temperature, drought tolerance, not strict requirements for soil, but rich in organic matter, good drainage of microstrip acid sandy loam is the best. The basin soil is loose, the basin diameter is appropriate, the dry and wet is moderate, thin fertilizer is applied frequently, flowers are picked and pruned, diseases and insect pests are controlled, and the basin is changed every year. Like sunshine, but too much direct light is disadvantageous to bud development, petals are easy to scorch, like warmth, the general temperature is 22: 25 ℃, the most suitable temperature for flower growth, high temperature in summer is disadvantageous to flowering.

It needs sufficient sunshine, good ventilation, good drainage and shelter from the wind, and proper shade in midsummer. The optimum temperature of most varieties was 15: 26 ℃ in daytime and 10: 15 ℃ at night. It is hardy and dormant when the temperature is below 5 ℃ in winter. If the high temperature lasts more than 30 ℃ in summer, the flowering and quality of most varieties will decrease, and they will enter the state of half-rest.

General varieties can withstand the low temperature of-15 ℃. A slightly acidic soil rich in organic matter, fertile and loose is required, but it has a wide range of adaptation to the soil. The relative humidity of the air should be 75%-80%, but it can be slightly dry or wet. Having the characteristic of continuous flowering. Need to maintain good ventilation, no pollution, if poor ventilation is prone to powdery mildew, harmful gases in the air, such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine, fluoride and so on are toxic to rose flowers.

Breeding technology

Most of them adopt the method of cutting propagation, which can also be divided into plants and striped propagation. Cuttage can be carried out all the year round, but it is suitable for stem cutting in winter or autumn, and attention should be paid to water management and temperature control in summer. Otherwise, it is not easy to take root, winter cutting is generally carried out in the greenhouse or greenhouse, such as open-field cutting should pay attention to increase moisturizing measures. It is used for sexual cross breeding in order to sow and breed. For a small number of famous species that are difficult to take root, they should be propagated by grafting, and the rootstock should be wild rose. Such as yellow series varieties.

management

Rose transplantation is carried out between November and March of the following year, and pruning can be carried out at the same time, first cutting off dense branches and withered branches, and then cutting off old and weak branches, leaving 2 or 3 buds growing outward in order to spread out in all directions. Cut the especially strong branches properly to strengthen the growth of the weak branches. when the new branches grow too dense in summer, the upper part of the branches connected to the residual flowers should be cut off in time after each batch of flowers, so as not to make the seeds consume nutrients, and to retain the full branches in the middle and lower parts. promote early new branches to bloom again. Rose needs to re-apply basal flowers before flowering and then apply quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to strengthen seedlings to promote flowering. Rose has strict requirements on water, not too wet and too dry, too dry and withered, and too wet will hurt roots and leaves.

1. Florescence control

Rose, also known as "month red", blossoms continuously from May to November. However, it is still very important to control the florescence of rose during the Olympic Games, especially potted rose and cut rose. In order to successfully complete the temporary arrangement of flowers and the supply of cut flowers in various venues and stadiums during the Olympic Games.

In the actual work, according to the specific analysis of the specific situation, according to the geographical location, under the condition of ensuring continuous flowering, let it blossom more and blossom well from August 8 to 24. The following methods are for reference: around June 20, all the residual flowers and some of the blooming branches of the ground rose were pruned at the proportion of 50% to the round bud position of the mature part in the middle of the flower branch, and the flowering viewing period was about August 1-15; all the residual flowers and all blooming branches were pruned according to the above method around June 30, and the flowering viewing period was about August 10-25. Trim the residual flowers at any time after June 30 to make them bloom naturally. Potted rose and cut rose calculate the flowering date and conduct comprehensive branch pruning about 45 days before flowering.

Fertilizer and water management in the above various conditions of pruning, it is necessary to combine plant growth and carry out scientific fertilizer and water management. When the plant is pruned, 0.2% urea is used to spray fertilizer on the leaves every 5 or 6 days when the new generation of buds are not germinated, which can promote the germination of new buds; if the plant grows fast, the new branches grow rapidly, and when it is beyond the planned range, controlling water supply can delay the growth. In the process of water control, after the branches and leaves wilted, spraying water in time, it was critical to recover within 1 hour. Water is the carrier of various enzymes in plants. Water supply is insufficient, enzyme activity decreases, metabolism slows down, and plant growth slows down. If the budding of the new branch is later than planned, the bud grows rapidly when 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaf every 5 or 6 days. Rose flowering period to consume a lot of water and body nutrition, water supply should be adequate.

2. Flowering conditions

① sunshine must be long. Where the rose is planted, it should be ventilated and get sunshine for more than half a day. This is the first condition that it can blossom like flowers. If it is placed in a half-cloudy and half-sunny place or in a shady place with insufficient light, it can only bloom in spring and autumn at most in a year. Therefore, for families whose living conditions can not meet the requirements of light, it is best not to plant Chinese roses but to plant more shady flowers.

② should be trimmed frequently. Although the sunshine conditions are good, but without pruning for a long time, the rose can not grow well. The way to trim is. After December each year, the rose leaves should be pruned once. The branches left behind are about 15 cm high. The pruning site is about 1 cm above the outstretched leaf buds, and the side branches, diseased branches and concentric branches are removed at the same time. After May, every time the flower is finished, the 2-beat 3 or 1-stroke 2 of the branch that has bloomed will be trimmed, so that there will be more opportunities for flower bud regeneration. If you want the flowers to open big, you can also pick part of the buds when there are many buds, which can not only concentrate the nutrition, but also prolong the florescence and open in batches.

The times of fertilization in ③ should be more and timely. General new species or transplant potted rose, with humus and loose loess can be cultivated, it is best mixed with a small amount of broad bean shell, bean cake or chicken pigeon dung, so that the rose can constantly absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients from the soil. If the old potted rose needs to change pots, you can also apply base fertilizer according to the law; if you do not change pots, you can remove 2-3 cm of soil and fill in some fresh fish belly intestines or chicken pigeon dung and bean cake crumbs as base fertilizer. This is best done when the rose is dormant from January to February. In this way, the fertilizer will gradually ferment into liquid fertilizer, with Rain Water or irrigated water seeping into the root to achieve better results. It is the peak growing season of rose after May. Topdressing should be applied once every 10 days. The rotten and fermented fish juice and vegetable leaf juice can be mixed with 3 parts of fertilizer and 7 parts of water, and the fertilization will be stopped in November. If you can do it in accordance with the above requirements, you can see the flowers of the rose every month. Rose has a natural aversion to heat, it grows best when the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and it is difficult to grow when it is more than 30 degrees. If you have a good grasp of fertilization, you can overcome its weakness of being afraid of high temperatures in summer.

④, change the basin. Rose does not need to be changed or turned every year. If a small basin is changed into a large basin, it can be carried out all the year round.