The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a kind of excellent tree species for both fruit and timber, which is tall and beautiful, and it is also a beautiful ornamental tree species. Ginkgo biloba has strong adaptability to soil, acid, alkali and drought tolerance, and its life span is as long as hundreds of years, even more than a thousand years. The fruit is rich in ginkgolic acid and ginkgo alcohol, which is rich in nutrition and can be used as food or medicine. The leaves can produce "coronary heart ketone" and other medicines, and can also be used as paddy field fertilizers and pesticides. Its wood is light and flexible, fine-grained and not easy to crack, so it is a good material for construction, craftsmanship and furniture.

Planting value

Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as ginkgo tree, Gongsun tree or duck palm tree, only existed in China in the late Quaternary glacial period and is one of the most important specialty fruit trees in China. The comprehensive utilization value of ginkgo biloba is very great. Its use part is seed kernel, rich in nutrition, fragrant and delicious, is a good ingredient for high-grade tonic and high-grade dishes, and has certain medical value, such as resolving phlegm, relieving cough, tonifying lung, dysmenorrhea, relieving turbidity, diuresis and sterilization.

Ginkgo trees are tall, straight and majestic, with clean and beautiful leaves, have a certain resistance to smoke pollution, and can purify the air, with few diseases and insect pests, so they are also important scenic trees and excellent tree species for greening around. It is also used to make bonsai stumps.

Ginkgo biloba wood material is soft and flexible, not easy to deform, for fine handicrafts and valuable household materials, but the finished wood lasts too long and the production is less. The leaves can extract new drugs of coronary heart ketone to treat diseases of the vascular system; even if the leaves are fallen, they can also be used for sewing medicine pillows. The extra-nuclear fleshy seed coat can be used to extract tannin extract, smash and add water to make soil pesticides, which has insecticidal effect.

Main species

There is only one genus and one species of Ginkgo biloba. In addition, there are varieties such as leaf seeds, ginkgo biloba, some of which are born on leaves and the stalks are merged into one. In plant classification, ginkgo biloba belongs to gymnosperms. The ovule is produced on the receptacle and there is no ovary wrapped outside, so the seed does not have a pericarp when it is mature. The usually stone-shaped "fruit" is actually the seed of ginkgo biloba.

The cultivated varieties are usually divided into three types: bergamot, plum stone and horse bell according to the characters of seed and seed.

Most of the seed nuclei of bergamot varieties are long Obovate-shaped oval with edges on both sides but no obvious wing edges. The kernel is plump and delicious.

The seed nucleus of plum nuclear varieties is small, often nearly round, slightly flat, the dorsal ventral surface is often uneven, the edges on both sides are oval or hammer-shaped not far from the base, and the wings are not obvious on the side.

The seed nucleus of potato varieties is oval or hammer-shaped, the side is angled but the wing is not obvious. The shape is between bergamot and plum nucleus.

Growth habit

Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous fruit tree with slow growth, late inoculation and long life, which is dioecious and often forms a tall crown with strong dryness and obvious layers. The canopy of real trees is mostly tower-shaped, conical or oval. When the production of grafted trees is blocked without central trunk or central trunk, the crown can begin to be semicircular or happy in the later stage of growth. The branches in the crown can be divided into two types: growing branches and short shrinking branches. The long branch is formed by the upward and outward extension of several buds at the end of the branch, which is the basis of the crown.

The short branch is formed by the buds in the middle and lower part of the branch, and then extends weakly every year. The internodes are extreme, also known as "scale branch" or "milk branch". Under certain conditions, short branches can also produce long branches. Young trees under 10 years old have a higher proportion of long branches, accounting for about 70% of the total branch volume. A tree that is more than 50 years old. The number of long branches decreased sharply, and the proportion of short branches increased significantly, accounting for more than 80% of the total branches, so the crowns of adult trees are often sparse. Sometimes, the hidden buds of old trees or big branches can also sprout directly to form short branches.

After fruiting age, the female flowers and male inflorescences of ginkgo trees are clustered on the short branches of female and male plants, respectively. There are 5 to 14 leaves on short branches, and flower buds can be formed on sturdy short branches with more than 6 leaves. Flower buds are mixed buds, terminal, very short in spring and then blossom in leaf axils. Each shortening branch on the female plant can be inoculated with 2-14 (usually 5-6). The formation of flower buds on short branches is related to the nutritional status of the tree and the age and growth status of the basal branches. Generally speaking, the fruiting ability of shortened branches is the most on the basal branches of 3-12 years old, and then the fruiting ability decreases gradually.

The sprouting rate of the long branches of Ginkgo biloba is very high, except for the first top buds, the axillary buds on the other nodes can produce short branches, and form flower buds to blossom and bear fruit, which is very easy to form big and small years. However, the shortening branches on the same basal branch sometimes bear fruit alternately. Male inflorescences grow between axils of shortened branches and leaves, and 4-6 inflorescences can be borne on each shortened branch.