The latest culture method of sword orchid

Gladiolus gladiolus is a light-loving long-day plant, avoiding cold and freezing, enjoying cool climate in summer, not tolerant of excessive heat, bulbs germinate at 4~5℃, and grow best at 20~25℃. The nature likes fertile and deep sandy soil, requires good drainage, and should not be planted in places where heavy clay soil is prone to waterlogging. In summer, it grows better in northeast and north China than in Guangzhou and Shanghai. In winter in Shanghai, it can safely winter in the open field, while in the north, it is necessary to dig out the bulbs and put them indoors for winter.

propagation method

The propagation of gladiolus is mainly based on ball division propagation. The new ball blooms in the second year. In order to accelerate the propagation, the bulb can also be cut into pieces. Each piece must have buds and root parts. The incision is coated with plant ash. After drying slightly, it is planted. When cultivating new varieties, it is often propagated by sowing. The seeds are sown in autumn. The germination rate is high. The seedlings are transferred to greenhouse culture in winter. The next spring equinox is planted in the open field. Management is strengthened. Some seedlings can bloom in autumn.

field management

Gladiolus cultivation should choose sunny, good drainage, containing more humus sandy loam; although it can grow and bloom in clay, but the regeneration ball development is poor, the small ball formed under the big ball is also less, before planting soil application of sufficient base fertilizer, base fertilizer type rich in phosphorus, potassium fertilizer is good. Planting depth varies according to soil properties and bulb size, generally 5~10 cm, plant spacing 15~25 cm, and topdressing 3 times during growth. The first time is to promote the growth of buds and stems after two leaves are unfolded; the second time is to promote the growth of flowers and buds when four leaves and stems are extended; the third time is to promote the development of regeneration bulbs after flowering. Sunlight in the growing period is conducive to flower bud differentiation and development. In summer, if drought occurs, adequate irrigation should be carried out. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to irrigation in rainy season.

cultivation points

1, soil preparation and fertilization: planting gladiolus soil should be selected sandy loam, soil layer should be deep, loose, good drainage, avoid ponding. Make a bed 20 cm high and 1 m ~1.5 m wide. Fertilization should take into account nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As gladiolus is a shallow rooted plant, fertilizer should be applied shallowly. The top dressing was applied at the stage of two true leaves (after flower bud differentiation) and heading stage respectively, with thin manure water and urea once, potassium fertilizer again at the middle stage, and nitrogen control at the later stage to avoid excessive growth and lodging of plants. K fertilizer should be applied to the plots where seed ball production is dominant.

2. Selection and treatment of bulbs: After determining the cultivated varieties, pay attention to the selection of bulbs, pay attention to the variety can not be mixed when selecting, select the bulbs without diseases and insect pests, and the buds are not damaged. Before planting, the graded bulbs should be soaked in water for 15 minutes, then soaked in 0.1% mercury chloride or 80 times formalin for half an hour to disinfect, and then removed and washed before planting.

3, planting period: under natural conditions, generally in April to May, the ground temperature is about 10C planting, if you want annual production, it should be determined according to different flowering periods. Under the condition of guaranteed temperature and illumination, those listed before New Year's Day should be planted in early September, those listed during Spring Festival can be planted in late September, and those supplied with cut flowers in early spring can be planted from late November to late December. The flowering from late May to early June can be germinated in early February, planted in the open field in early April, and the flowering on National Day can be planted from early June to July.

4, break the eyes: bulbs in low temperature conditions for about 3 months, if you need to plant in advance, you can first use 35℃ high temperature treatment for 15~20 days, and then use 2C~ 3C low temperature treatment for 20 days to break the dormancy. But during this period should keep bulbs dry, humidity is too easy to cause bulbs rot.

5. Planting specifications: vary with different plant types, 20 cm square for large plant types and 10~15 cm square for medium and small plant types. The planting depth is generally 3 cm to 10 cm. In order to prevent lodging, when planting bulbs, two layers of 20 cm square nylon mesh are placed on the planting bed in advance, and then along with the growth of the plants, the pillars are pulled and tightened layer by layer to prevent the plants from lodging and bending the flower stems.