The latest culture methods and matters needing attention of African violets

African violet originated in tropical areas of East Africa, like warm climate, avoid high temperature, more tolerant of shade, suitable for growth in scattered light, small plants Ling rose, colorful, flowering all the year round, is an excellent indoor flower, but also internationally famous potted flowers, especially popular in Europe and the United States cultivation, let's take a look at the cultivation methods and precautions of African violet!

African violet growth habits

African violets like warm, humid and semi-shady environments, and are afraid of strong light and high temperatures in summer. The optimum temperature for growth is 16~24℃, 18~24℃ from April to October, and 12~16℃ from October to April of the following year. Daytime temperature does not exceed 30℃, high temperature is unfavorable to the growth of African violet. Winter night temperature is not lower than 10℃, otherwise it is easy to suffer freezing damage. Relative humidity to 40%~70% is more appropriate, too wet pots, easy to rot roots. The air is dry and the leaves lack luster. African violets need shade in summer, green leaves, and plenty of sunshine in winter to bloom continuously. Rain and snow days plus auxiliary light are very beneficial to the growth and flowering of African violets.

African violet breeding methods

1, soil: basin soil should be loose fertile, suitable for soil rich in humus. Generally, it is prepared by mixing 5 parts of moldy soil, 3 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of decomposed manure soil, or 6 parts of moldy soil and 4 parts of sandy loam. It can also be prepared by mixing moldy soil, peat soil and sandy soil evenly.

2, watering: watering is very important, early spring low temperature, watering should not be too much, otherwise the stems and leaves are easy to rot, affecting flowering. Summer high temperature, dry, should water more, and spray water to increase air humidity, otherwise pedicel droop, flowering shortened. However, excessive water splashing on leaves during spraying can also cause leaf decay. Autumn and winter, the temperature drops, watering should be appropriately reduced.

3, sunlight: African violet needs light intensity between about 200~800 feet candle, irradiation time about 8~12 hours, if you want to promote flowering can gradually extend the light time to 16 hours. Outdoor direct light intensity is often greater than 8,000 feet candle, easy to cause plant leaves to be sunburned, and not suitable for African violet growth. However, indoor light supply is often insufficient, so that plants grow slowly, do not bloom or grow excessively.

4, temperature: warm, growth temperature is 16~24℃, April to October is 18~24℃, October to April of the following year is 12~16℃. Daytime temperature does not exceed 30℃, high temperature is unfavorable to the growth of African violet. Winter night temperature is not lower than 10℃, otherwise it is easy to suffer freezing damage.

5. Fertilization: Fertilization should be weak. During the growth and development period, about 10 days apply a thin decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer combining nitrogen and phosphorus, but pay attention to not too much nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise the leaves will grow luxuriantly but blossom rarely. Therefore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 1:1:1.

6, pests: in high temperature and humidity conditions, easy to occur blight, powdery mildew and leaf rot, available 10% antibacterial agent 401 acetic acid solution 1000 times spray or irrigation pot soil. Scale insects and red spiders in the growth period often harm African violet, available 40% omethoate EC 1000 borrow liquid spray kill.

Notes on African Violet

1. Selection of pots and substrates: Because the violet root group is small, the pots should not be too large when planting, and the corresponding pots should be selected according to the size of the plants. Potted substrate requirements loose, fertile, well-drained, neutral and slightly acidic culture soil.

2, watering and fertilization: the amount of watering should be determined according to the growing season, winter and early spring, the temperature is low, watering should not be too frequent, to water after the pot soil is dry, the relative humidity should be kept at about 40%; summer temperature should be more watering, the surrounding water should be sprayed frequently, the relative humidity is not less than 70%; autumn with the cool climate, watering is reduced accordingly. During the growing season, apply thin and decomposed cake fertilizer water or liquid fertilizer once every 2 weeks, but pay attention to excessive nitrogen fertilizer. 0.5% calcium superphosphate was applied once or twice after flower buds appeared to make flower colors bright. When watering and fertilizing, be careful not to touch the leaves to avoid decay.

3, temperature and light: violet growth suitable temperature is 18~24℃. In summer, the temperature should not exceed 30℃, so it is necessary to take shade, cooling and humidification measures, not by direct light, but also can not grow too long under excessive shade conditions, and cause flowers less color, or even do not bloom. Family flowers can be cultivated in a place with scattered light and ventilation. Winter temperatures should not be lower than 10 ° C.

4. Pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: root rot, crown rot, powdery mildew, aphids, mites, thrips, nematodes and other hazards are easy to occur in cultivation. Attention should be paid to ventilation and disinfection before the use of cultivation substrates. When the above diseases and insect pests are found, relevant pesticides should be sprayed in time for prevention and control.