The latest course on planting techniques and methods of summer plum

Summer plum, also known as peony, yellow loquat, etc., belongs to the deciduous ornamental flowers and trees of the genus Prunus mume of the family Prunus. They are mostly born on hillsides or valleys at an altitude of 600 to 1100 meters. The flowers are large and beautiful, and have great ornamental value. They are rare wild flowers endemic to China and are listed as second-class national protected plants and Tertiary relict species. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of summer plum.

The growing environment of summer plum

Summer plum likes warm and humid environment, strong adaptability, can survive winter and summer normally between Jiangnan and Jianghuai, can withstand short high temperature of 40 ℃ in summer, can resist severe cold of-15 ℃ in winter, avoid water humidity, grow exuberantly in wet sandy soil with good drainage, strong leaf color, yellow leaf color, poor growth and strong sprouting ability.

Propagation methods of summer plum

1. Sowing and propagation: summer plum seeds mature in mid-late October and can be picked when the pot-shaped fruit sac changes from green to yellowish brown and achenes are purple-brown. After picking, the seeds should be removed and prepared, and the seeds should not be too dry when stored. Soak the seeds in cold water for 24 hours and 28 hours before sowing in early spring to make the pericarp swell and sprout ahead of time. Sowing should be covered with grass to moisturize, generally about half a month can be unearthed, two months can basically come out. After the seedlings come out, remove the grass, and then build a shed for shade to prevent the seedlings from being burned by the scorching sun. Generally speaking, the height of the seedlings can reach 30 cm, the root length is 20cm to 25cm, and the aboveground part has 3 bifurcations, which can be transplanted and planted in bed for one year. Generally, the seeding seedlings can bud and blossom in 4-5 years.

2. Ramet propagation: summer plum can also use its root sprouting for ramet propagation. When ramet, the plant is dug out with a shovel, the root is shaken off the soil, and the sprouting tiller is divided into several small plants with a sharp knife or branch shears. Each small plant needs to have 1-2 main branches, and then the ramet trunk is left at lO cm to cut off, and then planted. Ramet should be carried out after defoliation in autumn to before sprouting in spring.

Planting techniques of summer plum

1. Planting method: open-field cultivation should choose humid and weak light environment. When transplanting, big seedlings should carry soil balls, the planting depth should be the same as in situ, low-land planting should be filled with higher soil to prevent stagnant water, when the soil alkalinity is too high, guest soil or improved neutral soil should be used, mature organic fertilizer should be applied as basic fertilizer before planting, and enough water should be irrigated after planting.

2. Pruning at the right time: Chimonanthus pruning can make it sprout more sturdy flower branches and blossom more. It is generally advisable to prune the withered branches, overdense branches, cross branches, disease and insect branches before they are blossomed. Leave two or three pairs of buds at the base of the annual branches, cut off the upper branches and promote the branching. After growing two or three pairs of leaves, the new branches will be pruned once to promote the sprouting of short and strong flower branches and the graceful shape of the plant. Pruning is mostly carried out from March to June, and stop pruning after July. If it is not pruned at the right time, it is easy to grow a lot of overgrown branches, consume nutrients, cause poor flower bud differentiation and affect flowering.

3. Timely fertilization: Chimonanthus przewalskii likes fertilizer. Timely fertilization can promote flower bud differentiation and blossom more. Chimonanthus chinensis planted in the ground can be ditched and applied thin fertilizer once a month, and do not apply thick fertilizer, so as not to flourish after autumn and affect flowering. Potted plants should choose loose and fertile soil. Leaf spreading fertilizer was applied twice in spring, and compound fertilizer was applied every 10 to 15 days from the end of June to the end of June to promote the formation of flower buds. Summer is the period of flower bud differentiation and vigorous growth of new roots, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied again or twice, but fertilization should be thin at this time, otherwise it is easy to rot roots and cause leaves to yellowing and falling off. Cake fertilizer can be applied once after cool autumn to enrich flower buds. Apply thin horseshoe water again before winter to provide nutrients for flowering. The fertilization of Chimonanthus chinensis should be based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is appropriate, and the general ratio of phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen is 4:2:1.

4. Proper watering: Chimonanthus is resistant to drought and afraid of waterlogging. Florists have the theory of "immortal Chimonanthus", but there should be no shortage of water in summer, so as not to form withered and white patches on the leaves and affect the formation of flower buds. It is appropriate to keep the soil in a semi-humid state. If too much watering, the plant growth is poor, affecting flower bud differentiation. Open-field cultivation should choose sunny and dry places, and pay attention to timely drainage in the rainy season. Flowering must pay attention to a good grasp of the amount of water, more water is easy to drop flowers and buds, less water, irregular blossoms.

5, pay attention to the wind: Chimonanthus is afraid of the wind, if you do not pay attention to the wind, the leaves will cause rust spots due to mutual friction. Due to the wind during the flowering period, the petals will not stretch, the bud is not easy to open, or the petals are scorched and wilted by the wind after flowering. To cultivate in the open field, you should choose the leeward and sunny place.

6. Disease and pest control

① scale insects: generally planted in dark tide wetlands, when it is rainy in summer, due to high temperature and muggy heat, wax plum is easy to suffer from scale insects, which can be controlled manually.

② aphids: the buds at the turn of spring and summer are susceptible to aphids. 50% aldicarb 3000 times liquid can be sprayed to eliminate this pest.

③ black spot: occurs in the high temperature season, can be sprayed with 65% Dysen zinc 500x solution or 0.3 Baomei flow mixture.

④ anthracnose: occurs in the high temperature season, can be sprayed with topiramate 800x solution.