The transformation of agricultural development mode depends on the renewal of development concept

Speeding up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development is the main task and basic path to promote agricultural modernization. In the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way during the 13th five-year Plan, the task of changing the mode of agricultural development is very urgent. Fundamentally, the transformation of the mode of development depends on the renewal of the concept of development.

Food production and food security must be guaranteed, but the development concept of government-led and extensive development of grain production leads to a series of problems, such as high cost of farming, high price of agricultural products, low competitiveness of agricultural products, overexploitation of agricultural resources, excessive use of agricultural film of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, deterioration of agricultural ecology and so on. To solve these problems fundamentally, we must renew the concept of agricultural development, turn to market-oriented, and pursue the precision of factor input and the intensification of agricultural production. At the same time, instead of relying on subsidies to eliminate the negative effects of agricultural weakness, we should start with appropriate scale, seed quality, process standardization, operational precision and technological systematization to improve the competitiveness of agriculture, the safety of agricultural products and the sustainability of resource utilization. With professional farmers as the main body, we should increase farmers' income by expanding the scale of agricultural operation, improving production efficiency and expanding agricultural functions, so that professional farmers can live a decent life.

Of course, the market can not solve all the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and the other aspect of updating the concept of agricultural development is to give better play to the role of the government. The government's responsibilities in developing modern agriculture mainly include: implementing the strictest cultivated land protection system and agricultural water consumption control system, keeping the red line of soil and water resources, formulating and implementing land cultivation intensity and chemical input standards, controlling inputs such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and keeping the ecological red line and the bottom line of agricultural product safety. At the same time, we should also provide public goods with multiplier effect and shared by all farmers for the development of modern agriculture, increase investment in ecological construction, improve the level of national ecological security and improve the quality of life of the people. China is a populous country with relatively scarce agricultural resources per capita. We should make full use of both domestic and international markets and resources to achieve a balance between supply and demand of agricultural products and reduce the pressure on domestic agricultural resources and environment.

Establishing the agricultural development concept of taking the market as the lead and giving better play to the role of the government, the focus of changing the mode of agricultural development will be clearer. The first is to give full play to the positive influence of the farmland system. An ineffective farmland system can not guarantee the steady growth of agriculture for more than 30 years. Practice has proved that China's agricultural land system is effective, and its positive effects can be summarized as three relatively easy: land exchange among farmers is relatively easy-the neat and large-scale degree of vegetable greenhouses in China is higher than that in other East Asian economies; land transfer is relatively easy-farmland transfer in China is obviously faster than that in other East Asian economies; farmland continuous farming is relatively easy-continuous farming of agricultural land in China is faster than that in other East Asian economies. We should make good use of these three relatively easy to promote appropriate scale operation of agriculture and farmland consolidation. The second is to develop various forms of moderate scale operation. Among them, a better way is to buy shares in land contractual management rights and set up land share cooperatives, so that farmers who stay in rural areas have the conditions to expand their business scale and carry out land consolidation, so as to promote the high efficiency of machinery operations and the precision of factor inputs, reduce production costs and improve production efficiency. The third is to cultivate professional farmers. With the development of economy, ultra-small-scale agriculture is in decline, which objectively requires the cultivation of professional farmers and the development of modern agriculture. Professional farmers are farmers with moderate business scale and market competitiveness, manufacturers are willing to cooperate with them, banks are willing to lend to them, and insurance companies are willing to insure them. Once professional farmers become the main body of agricultural management, a market-oriented business environment will be formed. The responsibility of the government is to create a level playing field for professional farmers.

When it comes to the policy level of agricultural development, it should also reflect the concept of agricultural development that takes the market as the leading role and gives better play to the role of the government. For example, the goal of the current minimum grain purchase price policy is to ensure that farmers' income does not decline by defusing agricultural risks. This policy has achieved remarkable results in practice. However, in the new stage of development, from the point of view of optimizing the allocation of resources and adapting to international economic and trade rules, the responsibility of the government in resolving agricultural risks should be shifted to providing public goods to stimulate farmers' enthusiasm for production. It mainly includes: the construction of agricultural technology research and development and extension system, agrometeorological information and agricultural product market information collection, analysis and release system, road, water conservancy and other agricultural infrastructure system. Farmers optimize the allocation of resources according to market signals and pursue income maximization. In this way, it is more conducive to give full play to the role of promising governments, efficient markets and professional farmers with the ability of self-development.