The latest culture methods and matters needing attention of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis is an orchid family Phalaenopsis perennial herb, also known as Phalaenopsis, Taiwan Phalaenopsis, etc., is an epiphytic orchid, native to the subtropical rain forest, the plant draws long pedicels from leaf axils and flowers shaped like butterflies, deeply favored by flower fans, known as the "queen of foreign orchids". Let's take a look at the breeding methods and matters needing attention of Phalaenopsis.

Growth habits of Phalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis was born in tropical rain forest and likes warm and cold. The suitable temperature for growth is 15-20 ℃. In winter, Phalaenopsis will stop growing below 10 ℃, and it is easy to die below 5 ℃. The forest trees along the river and coast with high temperature and humidity are the places where Phalaenopsis grows. Because its physiological structure can protect itself from stress in low humidity, but in too humid environment, high temperature and high humidity are often accompanied by diseases, and the most suitable range of relative humidity is 60-80%.

Propagation methods of Phalaenopsis

1. Pedicel sprouting: the method is to cut off the flowering part of the pedicel, and then carefully cut off the bracts of the first to third internodes in the upper part of the pedicel with a blade or blade to expose the bud points in the internodes. Apply hormones such as budding agent or indolebutyric acid evenly on the exposed internodes with cotton swabs. After treatment, the orchid plant was placed in a semi-shade place, and the temperature was kept at 25: 28 ℃. After 2 weeks, the buds grew into leaves, and after 3 months, they grew into Phalaenopsis seedlings with 3 leaves and aerial roots. Cut off the seedlings and put them on the pot to become a new orchid plant.

2. Broken heart to promote sprouting: after the growth point of the orchid plant was destroyed due to some factors, 1 or 2 new buds will grow from the stem node near the base of the orchid plant after a period of time. This feature can be used to breed Phalaenopsis.

3. Stem-cutting propagation: the principle of stem-cutting reproduction is to destroy the growth point of stem tip to induce latent bud growth. Although there are 1-3 latent buds in the axils of Phalaenopsis plants, most of them can not sprout into plants. After the plant continues to grow upward and the stem node is longer, the upper part of the plant with roots is cut off with sterilized knives or scissors, implanted into a new basin to make it continue to grow, the lower part of the rhizome is given proper water management, and new buds can sprout soon.

4. tissue culture: Phalaenopsis can be propagated by tissue culture, which can obtain the same excellent genetic characteristics as the mother plant. The butterfly orchid seedlings produced by this method are called meristem or tissue seedlings. The plant tissues (explants) used for meristematic culture can be terminal buds (stem tips), stem segments (dormant buds), young leaves or root tips, but at present the most common is the pedicel of Phalaenopsis.

5. Sowing and reproduction

① natural sowing method: natural sowing method is to sow seeds from cracked capsules in flowerpots of parent plants. This method is simple and easy, does not need complicated aseptic procedures and operating tools, and is suitable for ordinary family Phalaenopsis growers. However, this method has little chance of success and is rarely used.

② aseptic sowing method: the aseptic sowing method is to wash the uncracked mature capsule, then soak it in 75% ethanol or chloroform for 2 seconds, and then soak in 5% 10% bleach solution or 3% hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes for 20 minutes. Take out the seeds and soak them in the same disinfectant for 5 minutes, then remove the solution by filtration, take out the seeds, and spread the seeds evenly on the surface of the culture medium in the prepared bottle with fine needles. The culture conditions were as follows: light intensity 2000-3000 lux, 10-18 hours a day, and the temperature was kept at 20-26 ℃. After 9-10 months, the seedlings can grow 2-3 leaves and then be planted in pots.

Culture methods of Phalaenopsis

1. Temperature: the temperature of Phalaenopsis should be guaranteed first. Phalaenopsis likes the environment of high temperature and humidity, the lowest temperature during the growth period should be above 15 ℃, and the suitable temperature for Phalaenopsis growth is 16 ℃ to 30 ℃. Attention should be paid to warming at the turn of autumn, winter and spring, as well as when the winter temperature is low.

2, humidity: air humidity: higher air humidity is better, but in family cultivation, the air humidity is difficult to adjust, so that the flowers can slowly adapt to it. At the beginning, foliar spray can be done every day, and the amount should not be too large, just soak the leaves. After that, the times of spraying were gradually reduced, and the spraying was stopped from September to October, and the spray treatment was not done any more.

3. Lighting: proper light can promote Phalaenopsis to bloom and make the flowers gorgeous and long-lasting. Generally, they should be placed indoors where there is scattered light, so as not to let the sun shine directly. After the flowering period of the butterfly orchid, the flower stem can be left 3-5 cm and the rest cut off. It can be placed in a place where the sun can not shine directly from Nanyang platform from May 1 to National Day, and near the south windowsill during the period from May 1 to May 1 to receive sufficient sunlight.

4. Ventilation: the normal growth of Phalaenopsis needs flowing fresh air, so the ventilation of domestic Phalaenopsis must be good, especially in the high humidity period in summer, it must be well ventilated to prevent heat, and at the same time, it can avoid the infection of diseases and insect pests.

5. Watering: water the flowers with tap water or Rain Water. Water thoroughly. You can often put your finger into the plant material in the pot from the bottom hole of the flowerpot. If it is wet, you do not need to water it. If the plant material at the bottom is slightly damp, water it thoroughly.

6. disease prevention: the common diseases and insect pests of Phalaenopsis are mainly soft rot, brown spot, anthrax, bituminous coal disease, virus disease, shell insects, red spiders and so on. We should mainly adopt the principle of prevention, strengthen cultivation and management measures, improve ventilation conditions, and reasonably control the placement density. keep the environment clean. Spray insecticides and fungicides regularly. If diseased plants are found, the source of infection should be cleared in time, the diseased leaves and remains should be removed, and the seriously diseased plants should be isolated or destroyed to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests. In addition, appropriate agents can be selected for control. 60% carbendazim or 80% methyl topiramate can be used during the onset of the disease, while shell insects and red spiders can be controlled with 40% omethoate or 80% dichlorvos 1000 × 1500 times.

Matters needing attention in Phalaenopsis Culture

1. The natural flowering period of Phalaenopsis is from March to May, and the viewing period is generally more than 2 months. Many flower friends think that it is difficult to cultivate Phalaenopsis at home. In fact, if you pay attention to conservation, it can blossom completely.

2. Temperature is one of the key factors for Phalaenopsis conservation. The suitable temperature for the growth of Phalaenopsis is 18-28 ℃, but in summer, the indoor temperature is often above 30 ℃. Phalaenopsis can be kept in a ventilated semi-shaded place during maintenance, which is beneficial for it to spend the cool summer. Phalaenopsis needs low temperature to promote flower bud differentiation, generally less than 20 ℃ can achieve the purpose of promoting flowers, but the indoor temperature in winter is sometimes lower than 10 ℃, which is not conducive to the growth of Phalaenopsis. Phalaenopsis can be placed in sunny windowsill or near heating equipment to increase the temperature.

3. Phalaenopsis likes to be wet. during the growing period, the substrate should be kept moist, a little dry is beneficial to root growth, and long-term excessive humidity will lead to root rot. Indoor relative air humidity should reach more than 60%. If the weather is dry, it is necessary to spray water to moisturize the plants to form a microclimate conducive to the growth of Phalaenopsis. Conditional humidifiers are available to increase air humidity.

4. the seedling stage does not require high light and can be maintained in a semi-shady environment. Adults like sufficient scattered light. Full light can be seen in the morning and evening in spring, summer and autumn, shade at noon and all day in winter. Too strong light will burn the leaves, too weak leaves grow too long, affect the ornamental, and poor flowering.

5. After the butterfly orchid flowers, the pedicels should be cut off and the pots should be changed in time. After removing the basin, the original matrix is removed, and the rotten and withered roots are cut off, and the maintenance can be continued after being replaced with a new substrate.