The latest course of planting techniques and methods of Pinus massoniana

Masson pine is a kind of pine, also known as green pine, mountain pine, fir pine and so on. It is a pine tree of pine family with high cultivation value and wide use. Pine is an important material for industrial and agricultural production. Pine resin is a medical and chemical raw material. Trunk and root can be cultivated Poria cocos, mushrooms, bark can extract tannin extract, let's take a look at Masson pine planting technology!

Growth habits of Pinus massoniana

Pinus massoniana is a positive tree species, can not tolerate shade, like light and temperature. It is suitable for birth at an average annual temperature of 13-22 ℃, an annual precipitation of 800-1800mm, and an absolute lowest temperature of less than-10 ℃. The root system is well developed, the main root is obvious, and there are root fungi. It is not strict with soil and likes slightly acidic soil, but it is afraid of waterlogging and is not resistant to salt and alkali. It can grow on thin scoured land of gravel, sandy soil, clay, ridges and sunny slopes, as well as steep rock crevices.

Geographical distribution of Pinus massoniana

Pinus massoniana is produced in Jiangsu (Liuhe, Yizheng), Anhui (south of Huaihe River Basin and Dabie Mountains), Xiakou in western Henan, south of Han River Basin in Shaanxi, provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, south to Fujian, Quanchenghong, Quancheng Green, Guangdong, northern Taiwan low mountains and west coast, west to the eastern slope of Daxiangling in central Sichuan, southwest to Guizhou Guiyang, Bijie and Yunnan Funing, it is vertically distributed below 700 meters above sea level in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The middle reaches of the Yangtze River is below 1100m to 1200m above sea level and below 1500 m in the west. There are Pinus massoniana plantations in northern Vietnam.

Seedling raising technique of Pinus massoniana

1. Seed collection and storage: when collecting seeds of Pinus massoniana, a robust mother tree with a symmetrical crown, straight stem shape and no diseases and insect pests should be selected, which can be collected when the cones change from turquoise to chestnut brown from late November to early December and the scales have not yet cracked. The seeds are threshed by artificial heating (the seed emergence rate is 3%). The collected seeds are screened, air-selected, dried, bagged and stored in a ventilated and dry place. The general storage life is 1 year. If the dried seeds are sealed with plastic bags, they can be stored for 1 or 2 years at a low temperature of 0.5 ℃.

2. Seedling site selection: Pinus massoniana seedlings choose sandy loam and loam with fertile soil, good drainage, moist and loose soil as nursery land. After applying enough basic fertilizer to prepare the land and build the bed, we should cultivate carefully, break the mud block and flatten the bed surface.

3. Seed treatment: in order to promote the seed germination of Pinus massoniana quickly and neatly, the seeds can usually be soaked in 30 ℃ warm water or cold water for 24 hours, then disinfected, or the seeds can be soaked in 0.5% copper sulfate solution for 46 hours or disinfected with 0.15% formalin solution.

4. Seed sowing: Pinus massoniana is generally sown in spring, and should be sowed early in time, from early February to early March, and finished by mid-March at the latest. Winter sowing is mostly used in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan and other places. There are two kinds of sowing methods: strip sowing and unsowing, the sowing range is 8 cm, and the sowing rate is about 5 kg / mu. At present, most of the Pinus massoniana sowing is still unseeded, and the sowing rate is 710kg / mu. The seeds should be covered with thin soil after sowing, and they can be covered with charred ash, so that part of the seeds can still be seen, and then cover the grass.

5. Post-sowing management: the seedlings of Pinus massoniana were unearthed about 20-30 days after sowing. After most of the seedlings are unearthed, remove the cover grass. Special attention should be paid to keeping the seedling bed moist within 40 days after the seedlings are unearthed. From May to July, chemical fertilizer can be applied once or twice a month, and ammonium sulfate 2kg per mu each time. When Pinus massoniana seedlings are too dense, inter-seedling transplanting can be carried out, usually divided into two times, the first transplanting in mid-and late May, and the second transplanting in the first and middle of July. In cloudy or rainy days after rain, with a little lodging soil, not only can all survive, but also the growth of seedlings is good.

Afforestation technique of Pinus massoniana

1. Afforestation time: Pinus massoniana afforestation can be carried out from mid-late January to mid-late February, mainly with one-year-old seedlings. The planting density is generally 240,450 plants / mu, the row spacing is 1 × 1.5 ~ 1.7 × 1.7 meters, the height of first-class seedlings is more than 15 cm, and the ground diameter is more than 0.3 cm.

2. The mode of soil preparation: the block site preparation is not less than 50 × 50 cm, the depth is not less than 20 cm, and the band width is not less than 70 cm and 100 cm. The bottom diameter of the planting hole is not less than 30 cm and the depth is not less than 25 cm. Soil preparation requires topsoil to turn down, digging holes requires soil backfilling, topsoil to the heart.

3. Tending of young forest: tending for 1 or more times in the year of planting, only mowing grass, not loosening the soil. Seedlings should be upright and soil should be cultivated properly. It was nurtured once or twice a year in the second and third years, and continued once in the fourth year if the canopy had not been closed. Plant tending area should be expanded year by year, weeding and loosening soil should not damage plants and roots, and the depth of loosening soil should be shallow, not more than 10 cm.

4. Adult forest tending

① reasonable pruning: 5-6-year-old Pinus massoniana begins pruning, and grasps the principle of "light pruning and diligent pruning". Before 10 years old, the crown height is 2 pedicel. 10 years later, the crown is 1 canopy, and 15 years later, it is suitable for pruning from late autumn to early spring. The pruning knife edge should be smooth and in line with the trunk to prevent the bark from being torn.

② tending thinning: when the canopy density of 8-year-old 10-year-old forest is more than 0.9, tending thinning should be started, the first thinning intensity is 1015% of stand volume, combined with pruning, the thinning intensity is 2030% of stand volume in 10 to 20 years, 2530% after 20 years, and the canopy density should be kept between 0.6 and 0.7 after thinning.