When will the latest chrysanthemums be planted?

Chrysanthemum is the third of the top ten famous flowers in China, and one of the four gentlemen in flowers (plum orchid bamboo chrysanthemum) is a perennial root herb of the genus Compositae in plant taxonomy, also known as Shouke, Jinying, Huang Hua, autumn chrysanthemum and so on. in ancient myths and legends, chrysanthemums are also given the meaning of auspiciousness and longevity, with high planting value. Let's take a look at when chrysanthemums will be planted.

Planting time of chrysanthemum

There are two methods of vegetative propagation and seed propagation of chrysanthemum. Vegetative propagation includes stem cutting, ramet, grafting, striping and tissue culture, which is usually based on cuttage propagation. If you choose to sow chrysanthemum, it is best to do it in spring, summer or late autumn, and it is suitable to split roots and transplant chrysanthemum before May 15, and before June 16.

Propagation methods of Chrysanthemum morifolium

1. Bud insertion: the outer foot bud of the plant is cut in autumn and winter. The standard of bud selection is that the bud is far away from the plant and the bud head is plump. After the bud is selected, peel off the lower leaves, according to the plant spacing of 3-4 cm and row spacing of 4-5 cm, insert it in the flowerpot or bed in the greenhouse or greenhouse, keep it at 7-8 ℃ room temperature, and plant it outdoors after warm spring.

2. Ground insertion: the ground insertion medium can be mixed with garden soil and rice chaff ash of 1P3, and a Reed curtain can be built on the high bed to cover the shade. If the full-light inserting bed has automatic spraying equipment, there is no need for shade.

3. Ramet: Chrysanthemum is propagated before and after the Qingming Festival, the plant is dug up, separated according to the natural shape of the root, and planted in the basin.

4. Grafting: chrysanthemum can be grafted with Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua as rootstock, collect Artemisia seed at the end of autumn, sow in greenhouse in winter, or raise seedlings in hotbed in March, move to pot or field when seedling height is 3cm or 4cm in late April and split in sunny day.

5. Seeds: chrysanthemum seeds germinate slowly above 10 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 25 ℃. It is sparsely sown from February to April, and can blossom in the same year under normal circumstances.

Cultivation techniques of Chrysanthemum morifolium

1. Potted soil: fertile sandy soil should be selected for chrysanthemum cultivation, with a small basin first and then a large basin. After changing the basin for 2 or 3 times, the basin can be fixed in July. 6 parts of rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of sand and 1 part of cake fertilizer residue can be used to prepare mixed soil. After watering thoroughly, put it in a cool place, wait for the plant to grow normally and move to the sunny place.

2. Watering: chrysanthemum seedlings are young in spring, watering should be less. When the chrysanthemum seedlings grow up in summer, they can be watered once in the morning and again in the evening, and spray water on the branches and leaves of chrysanthemum and the surrounding ground with a sprinkler to increase the humidity of the environment. Before the Beginning of Autumn, it is necessary to properly control water and fertilizer to prevent the plant from growing too high. The Beginning of Autumn should increase the amount of water and begin to apply fertilizer before flowering, and the fertilizer and water will gradually thicken. In winter, flower branches basically stop growing, plant water consumption is significantly reduced, evaporation is also small, watering must be strictly controlled.

3. Fertilization: when planting chrysanthemum plants, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied in the basin. In the future, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied every 10 days. The Beginning of Autumn can apply slightly thicker fertilizer and water once a week from chrysanthemum budding to budding, and then suspend fertilization after applying thick fertilizer and water once more. If the chrysanthemum can be given calcium superphosphate or 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution at this time, the flowers can bloom more brightly.

4. Heart picking: when the chrysanthemum plant grows to more than 10 centimeters high, it begins to pick the heart. Only 4-5 leaves were left at the base of the plant during coring, and all the upper leaves were removed. When 5 or 6 new leaves are grown, the heart is removed so that the plant retains 4 or 7 main branches, and the branches and buds that grow later should be removed in time. Coring can make the plant branching and effectively control the plant height and plant type. When picking the heart for the last time, the chrysanthemum plant should be stereotyped and pruned, too many branches, too strong and too weak branches should be removed, and 3-5 branches should be retained.

5. Bud thinning: when the chrysanthemum buds appear in September, the buds at the lower end of the plant should be removed, leaving only one bud at the top of each branch.

Disease and pest control of chrysanthemum

1. Spot blight: spot blight, also known as leaf blight, began in mid-and late April, causing damage to leaves. After the flowers were harvested, all the plants on the ground were cut off and burned centrally. at the initial stage of the disease, the diseased leaves were removed, and 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 100 times Bordeaux solution and 50% trozin 1000 times solution were alternately sprayed.

2. Fusarium wilt: Fusarium wilt occurs from early June to early July, and the disease is serious after flowering, causing damage to the whole plant and rotting roots. Select disease-free old roots to leave seeds, rotate, make high beds, open deep ditches, reduce humidity, pull out diseased plants, and sprinkle lime powder on the diseased points or irrigate them with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution.

3. Insect pests: chrysanthemums are planted all the year round, providing sufficient nutrients and habitats for pests and harmful mites, no matter in the net room or in open-air cultivation. The important pests on chrysanthemum are aphids, thrips, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera litura, while the secondary pests are root cutter, geometrid, Liriomyza huidobrensis, whitefly, poisonous moth, powdery beetle and so on.

4. Weeds: chrysanthemum cultivation mostly belongs to open field cultivation and rotation with paddy fields. Common dry field weeds in water and dry rotation fields occur in chrysanthemum fields. The competition harm of weeds is related to the cultivation mode, grass phase, density, competition period and environmental factors of chrysanthemum. The competition of weeds for water, nutrients and light can directly lead to the poor growth and quality of chrysanthemum. It is not conducive to field management and so on.