How to raise the latest potted primrose?

Primrose, also known as small yellow flower, golden belt, Qingming flower, etc., is a deciduous shrub plant of Oleaceae, and is collectively referred to as "four friends in snow" with plum blossoms, daffodils and camellias. They are not only dignified and beautiful in color and temperament, but also have the characteristics of being not afraid of cold power, not choosing native land and strong adaptability. They have always been loved by people. Let's take a look at how to raise potted primroses.

Growth habits of primrose

Primrose is produced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, northwest Yunnan and the southeast of Xizang in China. It is widely cultivated in shrubs on hillsides. Like light, slightly resistant to shade, slightly resistant to cold, afraid of waterlogging, can survive the winter in open fields in North China and Qianling, requiring a warm and humid climate, loose, fertile and well-drained sandy soil, growing vigorously in acidic soil and poor in alkaline soil. The root germination is strong, and the landing part of the branch is very easy to take root.

Propagation methods of primrose

1. Cutting can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, and annual branches can be cut from February to March after flowering in spring. Annual branches can be used for cutting in summer and early autumn, and they can also be used as cuttings in the same year, which can be inserted into the sand and watered thoroughly to avoid hot sun exposure and keep the soil moist for about 1 month. In addition, the old roots with good shape can be cut in winter and spring and put on the pot after survival.

2. Striping: the striping propagation of primrose is carried out in the growing season by pressing the strong branches close to the ground into the soil, and new roots can grow at the nodes for about a month. When the new root grows to a certain length, cut off the mother plant and plant it separately.

3. Ramet: the ramet propagation of primrose can be carried out at the time of bud germination in spring. When transplanting in spring, part of the aboveground branches should be amputated, and the lodging soil should be brought. In the process of growth, pay attention to the soil should not accumulate water and excessive drought, and fertilize properly for 2 or 3 times before and after flowering.

4. Grafting: primrose can be grafted to produce salmon seedlings with a diameter of more than 2 cm at breast height, and abdominal grafting should be carried out at a place of 1 meter or at a certain height in early spring. The spring branches of the same year were 8 cm long and 10 cm long as scions for grafting. After that, tie it tightly with thin film, cover the plastic bag, and gradually tear the bag into a breathable and ventilated seedling after survival and branch.

How to raise potted primroses?

1. Soil: the cultivation of primrose has certain requirements for soil, which requires loose, fertile and well-drained sandy soil to grow vigorously in acidic soil and poor in alkaline soil.

2. Temperature: when the summer sun is hot and high temperature occurs, the primrose should be moved to the semi-shady place, which is more beneficial to its growth. Before and after the Spring Festival, move the pot into the greenhouse or plastic greenhouse, keep the room temperature at about 15 ℃, and the flowers can be seen in about 15 days.

3. Watering: Yingchun likes to be moist, watering 1 or 3 times according to the degree of soil dryness and wetness from flowering to flowering, often watering before the rainy season, no topdressing in the growing season, and no watering after autumn, in case the branches are too long and too tender to survive the winter safely.

4. Fertilization: when planting to welcome the spring, several pieces of animal hooves should be put at the bottom of the bowl as base fertilizer. During the spring growing period, mature and thin liquid fertilizer should be applied once or twice a month. Spring flower bud differentiation period is from July to August, so liquid fertilizer with more phosphorus should be applied to facilitate the formation of flower buds. Such as in the early stage of flowering, the application of a rotten thin organic liquid fertilizer can make the flower color bright and prolong the flowering period.

5. Pruning: the primrose has a strong germinating power. During the growth period, it is necessary to often pick the heart, cut off or cut off some branches in order to maintain the tree shape. After the flower withered, the branches should be cut short, generally leaving only 2-3 buds, the main branch can leave a few more buds, after the new branches are born, if properly maintained, the buds will grow.

Control of diseases and insect pests of primrose

1. Mosaic disease

Symptom: a whole-plant disease caused by cucumber mosaic virus CMV. The symptoms are that the leaves become smaller and deformed, with dark green markings or yellowing. The infected plants do not blossom, or blossom, and the flowers are short and deformed with markings (see figure). The main route of transmission is peach aphid and cotton aphid. The main source of infection is the susceptible plants of surrounding weeds.

[prevention and control] first of all, weeds should be removed in time to reduce the source of infection. Secondly, aphids should be prevented and controlled as soon as possible to eliminate virus transmission vectors.

2. Brown spot

[symptoms] mostly occur in the spring of the four seasons. It is caused by Alternaria of the subphylum Alternaria. There are brown spots on the leaves of infected plants. The route of transmission is that conidia are transmitted by wind and rain.

[prevention and treatment] at the initial stage of the disease, 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times liquid and other fungicides were sprayed.

3. Grey mold

[symptom] is one of the common diseases of primrose, which occurs all over the country. After the plant was infected, the whole plant yellowed and withered. It mainly infects leaves, tender stems, floral organs and so on. It often occurs at the tip and edge of the leaf. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves appeared water-immersed spots, and then gradually expanded, turned brown and rotted. In the later stage, a gray-yellow mildew layer was formed on the surface of the lesion. Under wet conditions, a gray mildew layer appears in the disease part.

[prevention and control] planting density should be reasonable. Pay attention to ventilation and reduce air humidity. Diseased leaves and diseased plants are removed in time to reduce the source of infection. At the initial stage of the disease, 1500 times of 50% Sukeling or 50% Prohydantoin wettable powder was sprayed. It is best to apply alternately with 65% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times to prevent drug resistance.

4. Spot disease

[symptoms] it mainly harmed the leaves of the plant, and the disease spread from the lower part of the plant to the upper part of the plant. The spot is usually 3 to 4 mm in diameter, brown, and in severe cases, the diseased leaves die, resulting in fallen leaves. Plants are usually prone to disease in warm and humid weather and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. The disease usually begins in July and is prevalent from August to October.

[control] breeding disease-resistant varieties, strengthening fertilizer and water management, increasing application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and avoiding partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. At the initial stage of the disease, 70% methyl topiramate was sprayed with 1000 times solution plus 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times solution, or 1 ∶ 1 ∶ Bordeaux solution.

5. Leaf spot

[symptoms] the disease often occurs on leaves and receptacles. At the initial stage, water-immersed irregular spots were produced along the leaf veins, then yellowed and browned, the lesions enlarged and the leaf margin dried up. In severe cases, it withered from the lower lobe.

[prevention and control] strengthen cultivation management, cultivate disease-free seedlings, disinfect the soil of seedling bed, release air in time in greenhouse and reduce air humidity. Remove the remains of the diseased plant in time. After the attack, 50% copper succinate wettable powder or 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 4000 times were sprayed.