Cultivation and Management of Orchid

The cultivation and Management of the Sixteen Orchids in Shen Yuanru (1) the orchids in horticulture are cultivated into many horticultural varieties after long-term artificial domestication of natural wild orchids. Due to different species, different cultivation methods, and different producing areas, ecology and habits of all kinds of orchids, in the process of culture, in addition to the similar factors in its original natural environment, it is also necessary to study the cultivation techniques. In order to make the broad masses of art orchid lovers and readers have an overall concept of raising orchids, in order to grasp it quickly, this chapter is about the generality and cultivation of several traditional orchids in our country. The main points of management are as follows: (1) the original environment of orchids growing in orchids is growing between mountains, forests and valleys, and trees are shaded around Gaoshuang, forming a humid microclimate with small temperature difference and clean air. When potted plants are introduced and domesticated, there must be a certain similar environment in order to grow luxuriantly. At present, with the industrial development and urban modernization, the greening work cannot keep up with it for a while, and the urban air is polluted by exhaust gases from factories and vehicles. As a result of these factors, orchids cultivated in cities are generally not as robust as those in the suburbs. However, as long as the surrounding environment is reformed and technical measures are strengthened, they can still be made up. In the city, if there are open areas such as high walls and deep courtyards or patios, it is an ideal place to raise orchids. Orchids planted in the ground or in pots should face southeast, so that they can be exposed to the rising sun as early as possible. at noon, when the sun is at the top, it is shaded by Reed curtains, without much impact, and when the sun sets to the west, it is blocked by high walls. For example, when potted orchids are raised on the roof or floor balcony, in addition to shading above, curtains should be hung to the northwest to prevent the setting sun from shining or burning orchid leaves and roots. Orchid nursery can make use of the good natural environment in the foothills or forests, but we should still pay attention to avoid the northwest sunset and cold winds. Therefore, when building a nursery, the southeast fence or bushes must be lower than the northwest. The ideal location of the orchid room should be built in the second half of the garden or in a corner of the garden, so that the layout is conducive to observation. In short, when choosing a place to raise orchids, we should pay attention to the four points of exposure, sun shelter, ventilation and smoke avoidance, in order to meet the requirements. In the orchid garden site, in addition to paving brick or cement roads for easy operation at work, coal shavings, gravel and gravel should be laid under the shade shelves, so as to facilitate drainage and maintain a certain amount of moisture, and reduce weeds and reduce the chance of hiding and breeding of pests, molds and so on. (2) cultivation in open field 1. Orchids planted in shady land are planted directly on the ground in front of houses, corners of walls or stone gaps in garden rockery, but the original barren clay must be dug up and replaced with loose humus soil or good soil. Enter the winter season, cover some straw on the muddy surface of the roots to avoid frostbite. If there is severe cold, you also need to lay grass curtains or other soft covers on the leaves to prevent frost damage. In addition to strengthening the management and protection during the summer and cold, this kind of orchid can generally be extensive and let it grow naturally, but it is only limited to the coarse species without petal type. Otherwise, with a little negligence, it will be a pity for precious species to suffer losses. The cover from the cold can only be removed when the weather gets warmer in the next spring. After years of growth, as long as timely watering, fertilization, its adaptability is still relatively strong, can blossom year after year, fragrance drifting far, it is actually a good ornament for the garden. Poets of all ages in our country often describe this, which shows that from ancient times to the present, due to the planting of orchids, there are many natural scenery, unique elegance and interest, which is deeply loved by the broad masses of people. However, in the layout of orchid cultivation, in addition to considering the quiet layout, the habits of all kinds of orchids, such as Chunlan prefer shade, Huilan should be slightly sunny, Qiulan cold orchid, orchid, etc., should not be frozen, all should be combined with the local climate layout, otherwise it will fall short of success. two。 Potted orchid cultivation means orchid cultivation in the shade shed. All potted orchids had better not be placed directly on the ground, because they are easily disturbed by insect pests and weeds, especially when the summer sun is hot, the ground temperature rises, or in the season of thunderstorm or plum rain, the damp and hot rise is even greater, which is easy to steam the orchid root, and it is more difficult to take root because of the lack of ventilation on the ground. If you are restricted by conditions, you can use an empty mud basin upside down on the ground, and then put the basin orchid seat on it to reduce the above impact. Ideally, it should be placed on an orchid platform made of prefabricated wood or cement board, which can facilitate up and down convection, constantly supply fresh air, promote orchid respiration, enhance metabolic function, accumulate nutrients and energy and manufacture, so as to make orchids grow healthily. it can also avoid ants, slug and other attacks on the roots and leaves of orchids. It is also necessary to keep the outer edge of the flowerpot clean every day, which is not only elegant but also reduces the chances of reproduction of fungi and lower plants. (3) the indoor orchid culture room is mainly used for overwintering of ground orchids. Due to the different origin and species of orchids and different habits, the room temperature requirements for entering the house and overwintering are also different. Generally speaking, most terrestrial orchids can be cultivated in the open air as long as the temperature is not lower than 7-8 ℃. According to the custom in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, after "the Beginning of Winter", Jianlan, Qiulan, cold orchid and age orchid which require higher temperature were moved into the indoor culture; some spring orchids and cymbidium with flower buds were moved under the eaves or in places to avoid the cold, so as not to be attacked by the initial frost and affect the development of stamens. After "Lesser Snow," the potted orchids and thin grasses cultivated by pseudobulbs (especially those with plain heart petals) were gradually moved indoors and placed on an orchid shelf near the window so that they could be exposed to the sun. After the "heavy snow", all potted orchids have to be moved indoors for conservation. Before entering the house, wash the surroundings of each basin clean, which can not only prevent the mud from being contaminated with eggs, molds, etc., but also appear clean and elegant. A small pot of dwarf grass is placed in the front row on the stage, and a large pot of dense bluegrass is placed in the back row, each basin should be separated by a certain distance, so that the leaves do not touch each other, so that the sun can be transmitted, and the orchid clumps are ventilated and transparent, which is beneficial to growth. In the process of indoor overwintering management, ground orchids should pay special attention to temperature and humidity. Generally speaking, room temperature should be kept above 7-8 ℃, and ideally at 10-15 ℃. Shortly after entering the room, if the weather is not cold and frozen, the south window should be opened around noon, and the stingy window can only be opened behind to facilitate indoor ventilation. In the evening, if the room temperature is still higher than 5 ℃, just open the window or half open the front and rear stingy window; if it is less than 5 ℃, close all the windows in case of accident. In addition to indoor temperature measurement with a thermometer, several water tanks can be placed as simple temperature measurement objects, which is both simple and practical. Its method: if the water layer on the cylinder surface does not form thin ice (commonly known as chicken claw ice, that is, the water surface has a slightly sparse chicken claw-shaped intermittent thin ice), and thin ice has formed outside, except that the windows can be semi-open around noon to promote air circulation, the rest should close the doors and windows. To keep the cold from invading. In short, whether there is thin ice on the surface of the water tank or not is the standard for opening and closing doors and windows in the cold winter season. When entering the middle of winter, except that the doors and windows are opened at 30: 00 on a windless sunny day for a slight change of air, when the sun is slightly partial, close the doors and windows immediately, and hang cotton curtains before evening. If the room temperature drops below 5 ℃, it is necessary to set up heating equipment. According to folk tradition, several carbon-based brazier made of carbon chips can be placed indoors, or heated by a coal stove with chimneys, because gas has a great toxic effect on bluegrass. After the turn of spring, the climate gradually warms up. On a sunny noon, all the doors and windows of the orchid room can be opened. At about 02:00 in the afternoon, only half of the south window is open, and all the doors must be closed before night falls. If the outdoor temperature is 2-3 ℃, the south-facing air window can be hidden. During this period, the room temperature of the orchid room had better be kept at about 10 ℃, because if the temperature is too high, the flowers of "spring blooming" (that is, early flowering varieties of spring orchids, often bloom early because of high room temperature) are easy to wilt early, or when they encounter spring cold after leaving the room, the tender leaves on the basin surface are easy to freeze. In early spring, there is still a continuous attack of spring cold, and all orchid organizations feel warm in spring and germinate, so we should pay more attention to cold prevention at this time. Otherwise, it will have a serious impact on the growth of stamens and the shape of flowers in the future, and even frostbite the orchid root. After the "stinging," Chunlan and Cymbidium without buds can go out of the house and move them on the open-air platform, on the scaffolding at night, and add Reed curtains on the scaffolding at night to protect against frost. In case of rainy days, you can be easily drenched, and in this humid environment, the tissues quickly return to normal growth. All kinds of orchids with buds should still be maintained in the orchid room and should not be cultivated outdoors until "Qingming Festival", but the curtain or thick curtain should still be covered at night to prevent the damage of night frost.

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