Technical Integration of High yield and High efficiency in Grain and Oil rotation in China

On May 29, the reporter learned from the "rape-Maize Annual Green High-yield and High-efficiency Technology Model demonstration meeting" held in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, that through great cooperation in scientific research and tackling key problems, Chinese agricultural experts have created a "new model of rape-corn annual green high-yield and high-efficiency technology", successfully carried out mechanization, light simplification, integration, large-scale, and industrial production demonstration, and achieved the goal of abundant grain and oil, green and high efficiency.

According to reports, under the new normal of agricultural development, which is increasingly severely restricted by five major factors, such as cultivated land, water resources, labor force, ecological carrying capacity, and competition for foreign agricultural products, the sustainable development of agriculture must rely on scientific and technological progress, and efforts must be made to promote the mechanization, light simplification, integration, scale and industrialization of major crop production with the goal of green, high yield and high efficiency, so as to meet the new challenges. Under this background, the Oil Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in conjunction with more than 10 units such as Huazhong Agricultural University and Hunan Agricultural University, set up a demonstration base with a total area of 5000 mu and a core demonstration area of 1920 mu in Xiangbei Farm in Xiangyang, aiming at the key technologies of rape-corn rotation. Joint scientific research has been carried out.

"this is a kind of optimization and innovation of rotation system." Wang Hanzhong, general coordinator of this technology and director of the Oil Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told reporters that rape and corn are the largest oil crops and food crops in China, respectively, and play an important role in the national food security strategy. Rape is mainly produced in winter fallow fields, does not compete for land with rice, corn and other food crops, and obviously saves water than crops in the same season. "compared with the traditional wheat-corn rotation model, rape and food crop rotation can significantly increase soil organic matter, fumigate and kill soil-borne pathogenic microorganisms and reduce crop diseases and insect pests." Wang Hanzhong further explained that rape to enhance the "soil fertility" of cultivated land comes from two characteristics: first, the leaf surface of rape accounts for 15% of the biomass and will eventually be returned to the field to become natural green manure; second, its roots have special substances that can release phosphorus from the soil and kill pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, thereby reducing the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

According to reports, this new mode of grain and oil rotation technology integrates eight advanced technologies, such as grain and oil crop rotation technology, high-oil mechanized rape varieties, high-yield mechanized corn varieties, whole-process mechanized high-yield and high-efficiency production technology of rapeseed, high-yield and high-efficiency production technology of corn, fertilizer application reduction and efficient utilization, pesticide reduction and efficient utilization, and rapid decomposition of straw (sclerotia). According to the yield measurement results of experts in Xiangyang, using 5-year rape rotation, planting corn or rice after rape harvest, the yield has been increased. Relevant data show that corn increases by 5% per mu on average, rice increases by 9% per mu, and fertilizer is saved by 10%, which can increase organic matter in dryland by 0.2% and paddy field by 0.4% every year.

According to reports, the technical model of rape-corn rotation can not only promote grain production, but also increase the effective supply of oil, but also increase farmers' income, which is more conducive to agricultural ecological security. If this new technological model is widely established and popularized in some areas of the country, it will lead the new direction of green and efficient development of China's agricultural production of grain and oil.