Can the direct subsidy policy save the crisis of soybean industry in Northeast China?

Soybean acreage continues to decline as a whole.

The reporter learned from the field investigation that compared with last year, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang still showed a downward trend this year. However, affected by the continuous low-temperature and humid weather in the early stage, corn has not yet been planted in some low-lying areas, and soybeans can only be planted in the later stage. In addition, some corn varieties have potential flour seeds, which will also cause some farmers to switch to soybeans. On the whole, when the planting income of corn is significantly higher than that of soybean, the decreasing trend of soybean planting area continues.

In Xigangzi Village, Xigangzi Town, Changhui District, Heihe City, local farmers told reporters that four years ago, the village all planted soybeans, and in recent years it began to plant corn. Last year, corn planting accounted for the vast majority, with very few soybeans. By this year, almost no one in the village grows soybeans. The village still has a backlog of soybeans last year, the number is about 10%. Many farmers did not sell soybeans last year when the price was as high as 2.1 yuan per jin, but later dropped to 1.7 yuan per jin. Soybean farmers suffered heavy losses.

Moqi in Inner Mongolia and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang are the traditional main soybean producing areas. In the past, local farmers mainly planted soybeans, but the soybean acreage has declined significantly in the past two years, especially this year. Last year, the local corn harvest was good, and there was a state harvest and storage, and farmers had higher income from planting, while most farmers who planted soybeans had poor income or even lost money. Corn acreage in these areas is likely to peak this year, while soyabean acreage will be unbreakable.

However, in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province, the continued decline in soybean acreage has been curbed. Nenjiang is known as the "city of soybeans", and its soybean output once accounted for about 1/8 of the total soybean output in Heilongjiang. According to Li Zhiqiang, general manager of Nenjiang County Jiaye Agricultural and sideline products Co., Ltd., the soybean acreage in Nenjiang County is expected to increase by 10% and 15% this year, mainly because the corn output in the past two years is lower than expected, and there are very few with a unit yield of more than 20000 jin / kg. Moreover, the Nenjiang soil is mainly sandy, and the Demeya corn seeds with good performance on the black soil do not seem to be suitable for planting.

In addition to soil quality and accumulated temperature, policy-driven is also an important reason for the rebound of soybean acreage in Nenjiang. "the Ninth third Administration Bureau holds a soybean festival in Nenjiang County every year. Last year, due to the large-scale conversion of farmers to corn, it was very difficult to see soybeans during the soybean festival, and the title of Soybean City was somewhat unworthy of its name. Governments at all levels in Nenjiang County have made great efforts to promote soybean cultivation this year. If you take into account the direct subsidy of soybeans, the planting benefit of Nenjiang soybean is similar to that of corn, coupled with policy support, the planting area of Nenjiang soybean is expected to pick up in the next few years. " Li Zhiqiang said.

The direct subsidy policy has limited stimulating effect on farmers.

In November 2014, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly issued the 2014 target price policy for soybeans in Northeast and Inner Mongolia, which means that the six-year-old temporary collection and storage policy has been cancelled.

In the course of the inspection, when the reporter asked farmers' views on the soybean direct subsidy policy, many farmers said that they did not know the soybean direct subsidy policy, and some knew that there was a soybean direct subsidy policy, but they were worried about its sustainability. "I am worried that if there are subsidies this year, but there will be no subsidies next year, the gains will not be high or even losses will be lost. Once the subsidies are gone, it will mean another year of wasted work for farmers." Jiamusi Shuangyashan City Baoqing County Baoqing Town Hongxin Village Zhou farmer said to the reporter.

Some soybean growers think that the soybean direct subsidy policy is insufficient, and the subsidy is too little to significantly improve the soybean planting income, which greatly dampens the enthusiasm of farmers to grow soybeans.

According to the reporter, the standard of direct subsidy for the target price of soybeans in Heilongjiang has been officially announced, which is 60.5 yuan / mu. If the average yield of soybean is 250 jin / mu, it is equivalent to about 480 yuan per ton of soybean subsidy. According to the target price of 4800 yuan / ton soybean, excluding the subsidy of 480 yuan / ton, the spot price of soybean should be 4320 yuan / ton. However, it is understood that most farmers can not sell soybeans at this price, and even if they can do so, the net income of soybeans is not as good as that of corn. Therefore, at present, the target price subsidy policy that has just been implemented has no obvious effect on improving the enthusiasm of farmers to plant soybeans, and the planting area of soybeans still shows a trend of shrinking.

Li Zhiqiang also told reporters that Nenjiang soybean subsidy of 60.5 yuan per mu this year, the provision is to supply landowners, not tenants.

Jiamusi Jiqing soybean industry official believes that this year's Heilongjiang soybean subsidy standard is far lower than farmers and the soybean industry expected 120,000 yuan / mu level. "the soybean sales price determined by the relevant departments is estimated to be on the high side. After last year's autumn harvest, the soybean market price was 2.05 yuan / jin, but then it fell sharply, reaching as low as 1.7 yuan / jin. A higher sales price is chosen as the benchmark for subsidies, resulting in too low subsidies. " The person in charge said.

During the inspection, the reporter found that last year, Heilongjiang just began to declare to the government that the soybean acreage was too small, and then there were supplementary or false data to share the soybean direct subsidy that had been issued. This reduces the subsidies for farmers who actually grow soybeans, and to a certain extent affects the enthusiasm of farmers to grow soybeans.

A farmer in Hegang City told the reporter that there was unfairness in the implementation of the amount of subsidies, and some misrepresented the acreage, resulting in a partial reduction in the income of some farmers. In addition, the loan is slow, in May this year, farmers have started a new year of production, and subsidies have not yet been issued, which has a certain impact on the preparation of production funds.

In fact, even with the support of direct subsidy policy, the planting benefit of soybean is still much lower than that of corn. This year, the northeast region continues to implement the policy of direct subsidy for soybeans, but the incentive for farmers is limited, and farmers are still willing to plant corn and rice.

Russian soybean may attack the domestic market in the future.

During this inspection, the reporter learned from traders and farmers that, considering the cost of land lease, many farmers chose to go to Russia to lease land to grow soybeans, which were then shipped back to China after harvest, although they faced higher tariffs, but the cost of planting Russian soybeans was still lower than that of domestic soybeans.

Russian soybean and domestic soybean are both non-genetically modified soybeans with high protein content, so they are suitable for protein beans, but they are slightly different from domestic soybeans in appearance. Many domestic oil factories prefer to use Russian soybeans with relatively low prices for production.

"the planting cost of Russian soybeans is 0.7mi 1 yuan / jin, plus tariffs, the cost is less than 1.8 yuan / jin, which is much lower than the quotation of about 2 yuan / jin at the beginning of the listing of northeast soybeans, which has an obvious price advantage. This leads traders and processors to prefer Russian soybeans under the same quality conditions. " According to the person in charge of the Heihe Soybean Industry Association, it is estimated that Russian soybeans will be imported into Heihe Port this year of about 100000 tons, and the total amount of Russian soybeans flowing into the country through various channels will be about 500000 tons, accounting for about 5% of the domestic soybean output.

A soybean grower in Santun Village, Sancun Town, Tongjiang City, Jiamusi, told reporters that the local area is only 10 kilometers away from the Russian port, and Russian soybeans have a great impact on the region. Many farmers in the village go to Russia to contract land to grow soybeans, and a household can plant thousands of tons of soybeans, while local farmers generally have a soybean acreage of about 20 tons.

The head of the Heihe Soybean Industry Association told reporters that soybean cultivation in the Heihe area accounted for about half of the local crop planting area last year, but this year it has dropped to less than 20%, and the corn planting area has increased significantly. This is mainly due to the bumper harvest of corn last year, and the planting income reached 8000,000 yuan per hectare, which is much higher than that of soybeans. As of May 21, all the sown plots have been planted with corn, and soybeans have not yet been sown. In the later stage, unsown plots will choose to plant soybeans unless they cannot plant corn.

The person in charge also said that at present, the cultivation of soybeans on leased land in Russia has begun to take shape. In the case of suitable domestic prices, some Russian soybeans are sold back to China. The import volume is limited due to the current targeted management of Russian soybean imports (which requires procurement contracts from oil factories or protein processing enterprises). At present, the arrival price of Russian imported soybeans is 3600 yuan per ton, which does not have much advantage over domestic soybeans.

However, the reporter learned from traders that the amount of soybeans imported from Russia may be relatively limited, but the cost of domestic land remains high, and more farmers will choose to rent cheap land in Russia in the future. China's soybean acreage and farmers' enthusiasm will inevitably be affected. At present, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Jiamusi, Baoquanling, Tongjiang and Hongxinglong has declined rapidly, which has had an impact on the soybean industry.