The Challenge of Hollow in Rural areas and its solution

With the rapid progress of industrialization and urbanization, a large number of rural population is transferred to cities and towns, especially to big cities, which leads to the increasingly serious phenomenon of rural hollowing. and gradually evolved from the hollowing out of population, land, technology, industry, services, culture and public facilities, some rural economy and society fell into overall decline and decline, especially in the rural areas where the economy is relatively backward. The intensification of rural hollowing out has brought a series of challenges to rural economy, public service, culture and social order, which not only seriously restricts the benign development of rural community construction, but also adversely affects the healthy development of urbanization in our country.

Hollowing out of rural areas brings a series of severe challenges

The transfer of a large number of rural labor force has not only formed the hollowing out of the rural population, but also produced a series of chain reactions-- brain drain in agricultural industry, lack of social assistance for left-behind groups, serious damage to the overall layout of rural areas and lack of successors in the development of rural culture. Therefore, the hollowing out of rural areas shows the overall decline of China's rural areas, which brings severe challenges to rural social governance.

The brain drain of rural industrial development leads to the hollowing out of population. The influx of a large number of rural young and middle-aged labor force into cities and towns has led to tremendous changes in the number and structure of the rural population, and the increasing shortage of young people with technology, management and good management, resulting in the lack of necessary intellectual support for the development of rural industry. there is a lack of people in the construction and maintenance of agricultural infrastructure, and it is difficult to improve the mechanization and intensification of agricultural production, resulting in a large number of wasteland or underutilization of arable land, and the development of modern industry in rural areas is difficult. Food security and agricultural transformation and development are faced with great challenges.

The lack of social assistance for the left-behind groups leads to the hollowing out of services. A large number of young and middle-aged workers in rural areas go out to work, the structure of the left-behind population is seriously out of balance, and the problems of providing for the aged and taking care of left-behind children in rural areas have become increasingly prominent. Many rural areas have "no place for the old" and "no place for the young". Due to the imperfection of the rural social old-age security and social assistance system itself, and the lack of social pension institutions and facilities, the difficulties faced by the left-behind elderly are mainly solved by themselves. For the left-behind children in rural areas, due to the long-term lack of face-to-face communication with their parents, physical and mental health, learning and other problems are prominent, depression, anxiety, paranoia, sensitivity, interpersonal tension and other psychological problems are more serious.

The serious destruction of the overall layout of rural areas leads to the hollowing out of land. On the one hand, more and more farmers go to cities to work, buy houses, and even turn to urban hukou, resulting in the original homestead idle. On the other hand, there are still many difficulties for farmers to settle in big cities, while in small and medium-sized towns, due to the lack of employment opportunities and the relatively limited attraction of public services to farmers, farmers are more inclined to build new houses in their villages, resulting in multiple houses in one house. the layout of the village is chaotic and the land is hollow.

The lack of successors in the development of rural culture leads to cultural hollowing out. After farmers go out to work under the influence of modern industrial civilization and urban civilization, they will consciously or unconsciously sublate their cultural choices, move closer to modern civilization, gradually accept and internalize urban culture, and reject and break away from the original local culture. Under the impact of information network technology, urban culture has gradually infiltrated and strengthened to the countryside, few farmers are willing to inherit the original characteristic rural culture, and the local culture is gradually being marginalized. The excellent quality of the traditional rural culture, which attaches importance to affection, family and local ownership, is gradually diluted, and the rural culture that has lasted for thousands of years is facing the danger of gradually disappearing.

Take multiple measures to solve the problem of hollowing out in rural areas

Resolving the hollowing out of rural areas is a long-term and difficult challenge. Only by strengthening the overall planning of urban and rural areas, making rural development planning, innovating the rural land circulation system, effectively promoting land circulation, training new farmers, and improving rural public services, can we effectively solve the problem of rural hollowing out by forming the internal and external force of cultural inheritance.

Training new farmers is the inevitable way to resolve the hollowing out of rural population. The source of rural hollowing out lies in the massive loss of rural labor force, and there is a lack of necessary labor force in rural economic and social development. therefore, it is the top priority to introduce and bring up all kinds of specialized talents to attract migrant workers returning home to find employment and start a business, and to cultivate the next generation of farmers who are capable and willing to have a foothold in rural economic development. By vigorously developing modern agriculture, expanding the new functions of agriculture and developing rural tourism, promoting the development of ecological agriculture and sightseeing agriculture, expanding rural employment space, leaving high-quality rural labor force in rural areas.

Improving the scope and quality of rural public services is the inevitable choice to solve the hollowing out of rural services. Based on the value demand of fairness and justice, all citizens should have the right to enjoy the basic public services provided by the government equally. In order to improve rural public services, first of all, it is necessary to increase financial support and investment in rural areas, strengthen the construction of public service facilities in rural communities, and gradually realize the equalization of public services in urban and rural areas. Secondly, we should proceed from the rural population structure, provide targeted services for empty nesters and left-behind children, constantly improve the social security system for the rural elderly in medical care, old-age care, and minimum living security, and gradually raise the standards of subsidies and security. We will increase investment in education, strengthen the construction of rural boarding schools, and provide accommodation facilities for left-behind children. At the same time, social workers or service stations for rural elderly and children can be set up by means of government funding, social volunteering and neighborhood mutual assistance. to provide life care, emotional comfort, psychological counseling and other services to the left-behind elderly and children in rural areas.

Doing a good job in rural development planning is an effective way to crack the hollowing out of rural land. To make full use of rural land, planning is the premise, the "leader" and the crucial first step. It is necessary to start with optimizing land use planning, comprehensively consider the economic, social and ecological benefits of different types of hollow villages, do a good job in village spatial layout and industrial development, and adopt the mode of merger, migration or transformation management. efforts should be made to promote the ecological relocation project, the consolidation of rural homestead with the construction of small towns, and the expansion of central villages with the combination of natural villages, so that village construction does not waste land. It can also meet the production and living needs of farmers, promote the cohesive development of villages, and guide rural residents to gather appropriately to the central village and central town.

The formation of the internal and external force of cultural inheritance is the fundamental way to crack the hollowing out of rural culture. The construction of rural culture is a process of mutual coordination between external supply and internal undertaking, both of which promote each other and are indispensable. Therefore, in order to crack the hollowing out of rural culture, we must first increase investment in rural cultural construction, promote the construction of township comprehensive cultural service centers, and give full play to the cultural supply, service and management functions of township cultural service centers. Secondly, we should take the village as the foothold, cultivate the inheritance subject of rural cultural construction, consolidate the mass foundation of rural cultural construction, so that the supply and inheritance of rural culture can be truly recognized and accepted by the village. Thirdly, we should ensure the unity of the external supply of cultural construction and meet the internal cultural needs of the village, combine the protection of rural culture with tourism, strengthen the publicity of local culture, and let urban and rural residents participate in the protection and inheritance of local culture.