The 13th five-year Plan focuses on food security.

With the macro-economy entering the "new normal", how will the 13th five-year Plan of agriculture step out the drumbeat of development between the pressure of resources and the market?

On June 4, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Agriculture that the 13th five-year Plan for Agricultural and Rural Economic Development will strive to enhance grain production capacity, ensure food security, and increase farmers' income under the topic of sustainable agricultural development.

At the report meeting on the research results of major topics in the early stage of the 13th five-year Plan for agricultural and rural economic development held not long ago, the participating experts believed that the current agricultural development is facing the double constraints of resources, environment and market, and in order to achieve sustainable development, China's agriculture must speed up the transformation of the mode of development, not only to break through bottlenecks, but also to open up space.

Resource problems superimpose each other

Overexploitation of agricultural resources, overuse of agricultural inputs, overexploitation of groundwater and pollution from both internal and external sources of agriculture are not only obstacles to agricultural development, but also superimposed on each other.

The data show that the new construction land occupies about 4.8 million mu of arable land every year, and the soil tillage layer resources of the occupied arable land are wasted seriously, while the quality of cultivated land supplemented by occupation-compensation balance is generally not high. Problems such as the decline of cultivated land quality, thinning of black soil layer, soil acidification and shallower tillage layer have appeared.

Compared with the average level of developed countries, the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water in China is 0.2 lower, and the overexploitation of groundwater in North China is serious. The area of soil erosion in the country is 2.95 million square kilometers, with an average annual soil erosion of 4.5 billion tons.

Not only water and soil are facing serious resource constraints, industrial pollution is also eroding the driving force of agricultural development.

According to the National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030) released a few days ago, exogenous pollution such as industrial "three wastes" and urban life spread to agriculture and rural areas, and heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury and arsenic continued to infiltrate into the environment of agricultural products producing areas. the over-standard rate of major soil pollutants in the country is 16.1%.

"for a long time, in order to increase the output of agricultural products, there is the problem of over-development and utilization of agricultural resources, serious ecological overdraft, land cannot be planted in some places, water cannot be irrigated, and the old debts of resources and environment have not been repaid. New debts continue to occur," Han Jun, deputy director of the Office of the Central Rural work leading Group, said earlier, it is necessary to speed up the construction of a sustainable agricultural development system. Turn agricultural development to the track of sustainable development.

Set the tone of the 13th five-year Plan for Agriculture

As for how to break through the double entrainment of resources and market, the agricultural plan of the 13th five-year Plan focuses on "sustainable development of agriculture".

"Food security" is the key theme of the 13th five-year Plan, but the question now is how to enhance food production capacity, ensure food security and increase farmers' income under the issue of sustainable agricultural development. This is an issue to be considered in the planning, "a person from the Ministry of Agriculture told reporters." on the one hand, we should study regional ecological protection and governance, reduce agricultural inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers, develop circular agriculture and water-saving agriculture. On the other hand, research should be based on ensuring basic grain self-sufficiency and absolute safety of food rations, as well as agricultural 'going out' issues, such as different 'going out' strategies for Africa, ASEAN and other regions.

According to the National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030), by 2020, the contribution rate of agricultural scientific and technological progress will reach more than 60%, the comprehensive mechanization level of cultivation and harvest of major crops will reach more than 68%, 800 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built, and the national agricultural irrigation water consumption will be maintained at 372 billion cubic meters, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will reach 0.55%. Achieve zero growth in the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

This also means that the modern agricultural development mode of saving water, improving efficiency and increasing the conversion rate of agricultural science and technology will be effectively promoted in the 13th five-year Plan.