Fertilizer additives have a broad world and great achievements.

Environmentally efficient chemicals

As for fertilizer additives, the definition approved and published by the National Scientific and Technical Terminology Examination Committee is: chemicals used to improve fertilizer performance, promote fertilizer efficacy, decompose residual pesticides, nitrates and improve soil environment. it can decompose residual pesticide, nitrate and agricultural chemicals to improve soil environment, purify and repair soil, improve soil ecological environment, decompose organic matter to improve soil organic matter content, exopolysaccharide to promote formation and stability of soil aggregate structure, break hardening, improve physical and chemical shape, fertilize soil fertility, turn lean field into fertile soil, and improve sustainable production capacity of soil. It can continuously release the nutrients solidified by soil to supply the growth needs of plants.

At present, fertilizer additives can be divided into 9 categories: fertilizer property improvement; fertilizer controlled release; fertilizer synergist; nutrition or beneficial elements; plant growth regulators, including auxin, gibberellin, etc.; soil conditioners, including humic acid, organic matter, etc.; pesticide additives, including pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc.; plant extracts, including alginic acid, bamboo vinegar, etc.; microbial agents, including rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, etc. Among them, fertilizer synergist has the functions of maintaining nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to prevent loss, regulating transformation and release, promoting absorption and movement, and releasing nutrients in soil.

In agriculture, γ-PGA, as fertilizer synergist, can promote the absorption of nutrients by crops, save fertilizer and increase efficiency, increase yield and quality, enhance the disease resistance of crops, and has a good slow release effect on fertilizers, which can reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive or improper application of chemical fertilizers. It also has multi-negative electricity, which can make crops absorb nutrients in soil more effectively, promote crop root development and enhance disease resistance. For heavy metal ions such as Pb2+ and Cu2+, γ-PGA has good chelating effect and can be used as a heavy metal absorbent; in addition, it has good buffering capacity for acid and alkali, which can effectively balance the pH value of soil and avoid soil acidification and soil hardening caused by long-term use of chemical fertilizers.γ-PGA is a pure natural biological preparation, which can be decomposed naturally to produce amino acids without causing secondary pollution to the environment. Therefore, γ-PGA, as a green biomacromolecule, is a bio-environmental fertilizer synergist with great application potential.

Skillful Application of Growth Regulators to Avoid Mistakes

Plant growth regulators in additives are a class of pesticides used to regulate plant growth and development, including synthetic compounds and natural plant hormones extracted from organisms. Plant growth regulators can control germination and dormancy; promote rooting; promote cell elongation and division; control lateral buds or tillers; control plant type short and strong to prevent lodging; control flowering or male and female sex, induce seedless fruits; thin flowers and fruits, control fruit drop; control fruit shape or maturity; enhance stress resistance; enhance fertilizer absorption capacity; increase sugar or change acidity; improve fragrance and color; promote latex or resin secretion; defoliate or accelerate evaluation (convenient for mechanical harvesting); keep fresh, etc. However, each plant growth regulator has a specific use, and the application technology requirements are quite strict, and only under specific application conditions can it produce specific effects on target plants. Changing the concentration often has the opposite effect. Therefore, when using plant growth regulators, it is easy to make mistakes in several aspects: one is to increase the dosage at will; the other is to mix with other substances at will; the third is to spray at any time without looking at the timing; the fourth is to replace "fertilizer" with "agent".

Microbial agents can prevent diseases and insect pests

In addition, about microbial agents, Zhang Shuqing also introduced its role to reporters, microbial agents do not directly provide nutrients to plants like general fertilizers. Among them, the microbial preparation for preventing and killing nematodes can prevent and control soil-borne diseases of vegetables, and the recommended dosage is 250- 500g/mu; the Bacillus wettable powder can be used for sclerotinia, gray mold, blight, sheath blight, fusarium wilt, root rot, blight and other fungi and bacterial leaf spot diseases of various vegetables, fruit trees, melons, field crops and cash crops, and the recommended dosage is 50- 100g/mu; Gliocladium roseum spore wettable powder is a new kind of biological fungicide product, which has strong inhibitory effect on various plant pathogenic fungi and can be used for controlling sclerotia, gray mold, blight, sheath blight, fusarium wilt, root rot, blight and other fungal leaf spots of various grain crops and economic crops. A special inoculant for vegetable seedling raising has the functions of preventing diseases, killing nematodes, dissolving phosphorus, dissolving potassium and degrading chemical pesticides, especially has obvious preventive and inhibitory effects on soil-borne diseases caused by continuous cropping of soil, such as blight, damping-off disease, root rot, fusarium wilt and root knot nematode.

Seaweed fertilizer has good fertilizer efficiency and high income

According to Zhang Shuqing, in recent years, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences has created a platform dedicated to seaweed fertilizer through technology transformation and achievement transformation. Seaweed is one of the most abundant marine resources in the world. It contains dozens of active components, including laminarin, ammonia alginate, mannitol, amino acids, mineral trace elements such as boron, iodine, copper, magnesium, zinc, vitamins, phenolic polymers, betaine, plant growth regulators.

At present, seaweed fertilizer has done some promotion work on strawberries. Strawberry growers not only overcome the occurrence of strawberry root rot, but also successfully planted Japanese variety Hongyan with high price and good income after one year of seaweed liquid fertilizer improvement. The price of strawberries has increased from 16 yuan/kg in the past to 50 yuan/kg at present, and the net income per mu will reach 120,000 yuan in 2013. In addition, the high quality fruit rate of strawberry increased by 11.2%, sugar content increased by 1-1.5 degrees, aromatic components increased, fruit hardness obviously increased, and shelf life extended by 5 days.

Zhang Shuqing concluded that fertilizer additives have many benefits in agriculture, and the application effect of multi-faceted and multifunctional is obvious. At present, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences is trying its best to build a platform for organic green agricultural products and carry out more research on issues such as building an emerging agricultural economy and building an industrial chain.