Construct a new agricultural governance system and grasp the theme and main body of agricultural development

Grasp the theme, subject, way and direction of agricultural development

With the continuous emergence of new types of agricultural operators and the further promotion of the transformation of agricultural development mode, the development of agriculture and rural areas in China presents many new changes and new characteristics. This requires all localities to further improve their ability to promote agricultural development and build a new agricultural governance system.

Multiple transition: a major theme for promoting agricultural development

At present, China's economic development has entered a new normal, reform has entered the deep water area, the environment facing agricultural development is more complex, and new contradictions and problems continue to emerge. such as the rigid situation of "grain shortage in bumper years", the upside-down prices of agricultural products at home and abroad, the degradation of cultivated land and water pollution, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, and so on. This year's Central Committee document No. 1 pointed out that agricultural and rural work should actively adapt to the new normal of economic development, continue to comprehensively deepen rural reform, comprehensively promote the construction of the rule of law in rural areas, and strive to tap new potential in improving grain production capacity. we will open up new ways to optimize the agricultural structure and seek new breakthroughs in changing the mode of agricultural development.

Judging from the current situation, to promote China's agricultural and rural development to a new level, we need to make efforts from the four aspects of industry, system, society and structure to realize multiple transitions: the first is to speed up the industrial transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture; the second is to further promote the institutional transition from the traditional system to the market system; the third is to actively guide the social transition from the traditional countryside to the modern countryside. The fourth is to gradually achieve the structural transition from the separation of urban and rural areas to the integration of urban and rural areas. Such a multiple transition process involves profound adjustment of interests and conflicts, and it is necessary to coordinate the relations of all parties and promote the smooth flow of factors of production between urban and rural areas. we will promote the formation of a new type of industrial-peasant and urban-rural relations that promote agriculture by industry, lead rural areas by cities, mutually benefit workers and farmers, and integrate urban and rural areas. This requires promoting innovation from the main body of agricultural operation, leading industries, development mode and macro-management, strengthening the endogenous driving force of agricultural and rural economic development, and establishing a scientific and perfect new governance system of agriculture and animal husbandry.

Micro-reconstruction: advocating close integration of stakeholders

In recent years, the "cross-border farming" of industrial and commercial capital has brought new business models to agriculture and promoted the process of agricultural modernization. However, practice shows that in addition to adaptability in specific fields and links, such as improved variety breeding, large-scale standardized breeding and the development of the four wasteland resources, the corporate agricultural development model dominated by industrial and commercial capital generally has the phenomenon of "not being satisfied with soil and water". The main reason is that the industrial attribute of agriculture is not fully understood and respected.

Summing up practical experience, the development of new types of agricultural operators, whether industrial and commercial enterprises into agriculture, or rural native farmers' cooperatives and joint-stock cooperatives, should establish a standardized corporate governance structure. Within the main body of management, we should build an incentive compatible, fair and reasonable benefit-sharing mechanism, and encourage the timely introduction of mechanisms such as premium return, village-enterprise cooperation, management shareholding and competitive incentives, so as to promote organizational innovation and system innovation of micro-subjects. At the same time, we should attach importance to the follow-up service and supervision of agricultural land transfer, explore the qualification access and risk prevention mechanism for industrial and commercial enterprises to lease agricultural land, and establish a monitoring system for agricultural land transfer to prevent non-grain and non-agricultural land.

Industrial Innovation: guiding the Development of Industries with Regional characteristics

How to develop the industry is related to whether the modern agricultural and animal husbandry industrial system can be formed and whether the relationship can improve the land output rate. Increasing the vertical integration before, during and after production and strengthening the horizontal coordination between agriculture and animal husbandry and related industries is the direction of transformation and innovation of agriculture and animal husbandry industry. In ecologically fragile areas, the development of circular agriculture is an effective way to improve the utilization rate of resources and form a new agricultural governance system. We should rely on the reform of the system and strengthen the support of science and technology to form a virtuous circle among and within the large-scale agriculture and its internal industries. In the horizontal integration of agriculture, we should comply with the evolution trend of the function of agriculture and animal husbandry, promote the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and improve the comprehensive efficiency of the industry.

Branding is the key to the development of agricultural industry. In order to build the brand of agricultural products, we should deeply explore the regional characteristics of the products, form a good market reputation, and enhance the product recognition and competitiveness. It should also be emphasized that there is a basic premise for selecting leading industries in the field of agriculture and animal husbandry and developing high value-added industries, that is, we must adhere to the bottom line of food rations safety and ensure the supply of agricultural commodities.

Changing mode: strengthening the support and application of modern elements

The development of agriculture and rural areas is inseparable from science and technology, talents and financial services. In view of the phenomenon of non-agricultural capital and brain drain in some rural areas, there is an urgent need to strengthen the support of modern elements and change the mode of agricultural development.

Led by technology. The past practice of only paying attention to the popularization and application of technology in production links and neglecting prenatal and post-natal technical services should be changed to form a new technological innovation and popularization model covering the whole process of agriculture and animal husbandry industry. We will actively build a technology transformation platform to promote the development of superior industries.

Financial support. The construction of a new rural financial service system should be closely combined with the innovation of land system. Make clear the contract right of farmers and herdsmen's land and grassland, and endow the management right with the attribute of real right, establish the price formation mechanism of land and grassland management right, and realize mortgage and transferability. To explore a diversified agricultural investment and financing mode with government investment as the guidance, social investment as the main body and bank loans as the supplement.

Human support. Aiming at the key links and key areas before, during and after production, we should integrate the training resources of various departments and industries, strengthen policy support, build training bases, improve training contents, innovate training methods, and vigorously train new professional farmers.

The role of the government: promoting the reform of agricultural macro-management

To give better play to the role of the government and promote the modernization of the macro-management system of agriculture and animal husbandry is very important for the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity of agriculture and animal husbandry.

Improve market information services. In recent years, the linkage effect of agricultural products market has been enhanced. Due to the lag of the production cycle, small fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products will often lead to greater reactions on the supply side or demand side, aggravating the structural imbalance between supply and demand of agricultural products, resulting in "difficult to buy" or "difficult to sell". In this regard, we should actively explore the establishment of a macro information early warning mechanism for leading industries and superior industries, provide production information, demand and price information and other services for farmers and herdsmen, and gradually establish a production early warning, market early warning and disaster early warning system.

We will improve the supervision mechanism of industrial and commercial capital. Industrial and commercial capital to enter agriculture needs effective guidance, strict prevention and control of non-agricultural tendency, standardize land circulation, prevent the waste of land resources and damage the rights and interests of farmers. At the same time, industrial and commercial capital should be allowed to obtain reasonable income from agriculture. Combine access review with policy support to support business entities with good reputation, strong strength, advanced ideas and strong sense of social responsibility, and establish enterprise reputation files.

Strengthen the risk management of agriculture and animal husbandry. In recent years, a policy-oriented agricultural insurance system has been initially established throughout the country, but the variety of insurance is relatively small, and the level of protection is still relatively low. at the same time, commercial insurance institutions mainly bear the losses of general natural disasters. the destructive losses caused by quarantine diseases and insect pests in the planting industry and infectious diseases in the aquaculture industry are not insured, and the insurance on the price risk of agricultural products is only a small-scale pilot project. Combined with the development needs of local agricultural leading industries and advantageous industries, we should encourage and support the development of agricultural product price insurance, comprehensively construct a modern risk management system of agriculture and animal husbandry, and gradually improve the level of agricultural risk protection.

Establish an ecological compensation mechanism for agriculture and animal husbandry. Ecological sustainability is an unavoidable problem in the formation of a new governance system of agriculture and animal husbandry, but the existing ecological protection measures are obviously not enough compared with the requirements of ecological protection. It is suggested that the relevant state departments should further increase the intensity of ecological compensation and implement policies such as forbidden grazing subsidies, grass-livestock balance incentives, productive subsidies for herdsmen, grassland supervision system and follow-up industrial subsidies for herdsmen in pastoral areas, and set aside special areas to establish permanent ecological compensation areas.

Improve the level of social service. The construction of modern governance system of agriculture and animal husbandry requires the simultaneous promotion of the construction of social service system and the formation of a new type of socialized service system of agriculture and animal husbandry with the organic combination of public service, cooperative service and market-oriented service, overall coordination and all-round development. In recent years, some progress has been made in the construction of socialized service system of agriculture and animal husbandry, but there are still some problems, such as imperfect system, unreasonable structure of supply and demand, lagging service and so on. It should be noted that establishing and perfecting a new socialized service system of agriculture and animal husbandry with diversified subjects, specialized services and market-oriented operation is of great practical significance for all operators to form mutually beneficial relations, reduce industrial operating costs and risks, and promote industrial integration and development. it is of great practical significance to realize the effect of scope economy and speed up the modernization transformation of rural society.