Where is the way to innovate agricultural management organizations?

It is one of the key tasks of rural reform and development in Hunan Province to speed up the innovation of agricultural management organization and provide the main support and system foundation for the construction of modern agriculture. Therefore, taking the innovation practice of agricultural management organization in Chenzhou City as an example, we have carried out in-depth research on the present situation, trend, difficulties and problems of agricultural management organization innovation in our province, trying to answer the question of how to innovate and develop agricultural management organization.

the development trend of

With the deepening of rural reform and modern agricultural construction, agricultural management organizations in our province have innovated and developed on the basis of household contract management, showing the following new trends.

The trend of professional division of labor: the family management began to be divided into different types of labor by different members of the family, and the product division of different agricultural products produced by different families, and developed into a professional division of labor in which different families produced different products and completed only a certain link in the process of product formation. As a result, a large number of specialized planting households, breeding households, transportation households, processing households and commercial households have not only been produced, but also characteristic agriculture of considerable scale has been developed in various places.

The trend of joint management: the family contract operators began to develop from joint households to cooperatives and then to cooperatives, from prenatal union, to production union, and then to postpartum union evolution, from single production factor union, to comprehensive factor union, and then to capital union leap, farmers professional cooperatives and cooperative associations emerged as the times require.

The trend of share cooperation: the agricultural share cooperation system converts different family input factors into a certain number of shares, provides a unified measurement scale for defining the rights and interests of farmers participating in cooperation, and provides a governance mechanism of the same shares with the same rights, the same responsibilities, the same shares with the same benefits, the same risks, and the concentration and aggregation of production factors among cooperatives, as well as the transformation of various social capital into agricultural capital. Set up a free and open platform.

the reasons for the lag

Although the innovation of agricultural management organization in our province is gratifying, it still lags behind compared with developed areas. In addition to objective factors such as natural geography and transportation, there are mainly the following reasons:

Economic development factors. Hunan has always been a large agricultural province, industrialization, urbanization and marketization are lower than the national average level. This is the result of incomplete development and ineffective innovation of agricultural management organizations in our province, and it is also the reason for incomplete development and ineffective innovation of agricultural management organizations in our province.

Institutional factors. First, the property right relationship of rural land collective ownership is unclear. Whether the main body of land ownership is township collective, village collective or group collective is still unclear. There is also a lack of clear definition of property rights between collectives and farmers who constitute collectives, and collective ownership of land has no tangible sense of acquisition for farmers. Second, rural collective land cannot be traded in the market like state-owned land. Its value has no market evaluation, rights and interests have no market realization, and circulation has no market channel, which hinders cooperation and joint management among farmers. Third, household contract management has remained unchanged for a long time, solidifying the fragmentation phenomenon of land management. Some farmers even prefer to abandon wasteland and lazy circulation, preferring to idle rather than unite.

Policy measures. China's agricultural subsidies based on industry to supplement agriculture, urban promotion of rural areas, more to take less form, quite a part of direct subsidies to households to people, although the amount is large, too wide, especially lack of strong support for new agricultural management organizations. Agriculture is a weak industry depending on heaven, farmers 'professional cooperatives are relatively loose management organizations, land contract management rights are restricted economic rights, management risks are high, comparative returns are low, there is no substantial mortgage assets, it is not an ideal credit loan object, and it is difficult to obtain credit support. In addition, the agricultural insurance system and policies lag behind, the project funds supporting farmers 'cooperatives are fragmented, and there are too many rules and regulations, such as industrial and commercial registration, licensing, land adjustment and business transformation, so it is still very difficult to innovate agricultural management organizations.

innovative responses

To speed up the innovation of agricultural management organizations in our province, we should focus on the long-term and base ourselves on the present situation, and strive to do a good job in system arrangement, mechanism design and policy response.

Explore the "double flow." The so-called "double circulation" is to explore the implementation of rural land ownership circulation and management rights circulation. Through the ownership share circulation among farmers within the collective, realize the centralized concentration of land elements and form scale management; through the ownership circulation among collectives and between collectives and the state, form an open competitive land transaction market, adjust the relationship between land supply and demand, coordinate the interests of different subjects, and realize the optimal allocation of land resources; Through the circulation of management rights in the form of contracting, leasing, subcontracting and mutual concession, we will realize the concentration of management rights of land resources and the specialized and large-scale management of agriculture.

Focus on "double effect". To speed up the innovation of agricultural management organization, we should reduce the cost of innovation of agricultural management organization as much as possible, improve the income of innovation of agricultural management organization, so that agricultural management subjects can see the benefits of professional division of labor, cooperative management and stock cooperation in the process of innovation management organization, taste the benefits of specialization, scale and marketization, and feel the actual effect of reducing cost and improving income. For example, Tianma Mushroom Cooperative in Liangtian Town, Suxian District, Chenzhou City, its raw materials need to be purchased from other places, so it is not economical for farmers to purchase separately. After the establishment of the cooperative, the unified purchase saves 20% of the cost; Tianma and mushroom seedling cultivation has high scientific and technological content, and technicians can be hired to earn 1000 yuan per day. Ordinary farmers cannot afford it, so the expenditure is greatly reduced by the cooperative's unified arrangement; The products of the cooperative members are packaged and sold in the foreign market uniformly by the cooperative, and the price is 25% higher than that of the local market. In 2014, the sales revenue of the cooperative exceeded 40 million yuan, and the average income of farmers joining the cooperative reached 100,000 yuan.

Realize "double drive". That is to say, to realize the "double drive" of policy resource integration and social resource exogenous assistance. To integrate policy resources, it is necessary to realize the transformation of agricultural subsidy objects from people to households to cooperatives, the transformation of agricultural subsidy channels from people to households to fields to business activities, the transformation of agricultural subsidy modes from decentralized special subsidies to centralized comprehensive subsidies, and efforts to solve the problems of marginal decline of subsidy effects, non-farming of those enjoying subsidies and non-subsidies for farmers, and weak support for new business organizations. Actively broaden agricultural investment channels, form a government-led, diversified investment and market operation pattern, collect social capital into agricultural capital, transfer payment into direct investment, change traditional agriculture into modern agriculture, and strive to solve the problem of insufficient investment in agricultural operation organizations through government policy guidance, enterprise participation and new agricultural operation organizations. Actively develop characteristic agriculture, ecological agriculture, fine agriculture and leisure agriculture, form a win-win interaction between innovative agricultural management organizations and the development of modern agriculture, and strive to solve the problem of industrial support for agricultural management organizations. Actively explore and carry out mortgage financing of collective construction land use right, rural housing mortgage financing, mortgage financing of rural land contracted management right and mortgage financing of forest right certificate, try to explore mortgage financing of rural land collective ownership, carefully explore raising funds by shares, improve agricultural guarantee and agricultural insurance system, explore and develop agricultural financial professional cooperatives, and strive to solve the financing difficulties of agricultural operation organizations.