The reasons for the weakening of the dominant position of farmers in the construction of rural culture

Rural cultural construction is an important part of national cultural construction, and the key points and difficulties of national cultural construction are in rural areas. It can be said that without the improvement of farmers' cultural level, the improvement of rural cultural construction conditions, and the development and prosperity of rural culture, there will be no cultural development of the whole country. To do a good job in the construction of rural culture is an important content and inherent requirement for us to establish and implement the scientific concept of development and build a new socialist countryside. It is an important way and method to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of farmers, improve their ideological and moral quality, and cultivate a new type of socialist farmers.

I. the importance of strengthening the dominant position of farmers in the construction of rural culture.

From the connotation of rural culture, rural culture in a broad sense refers to the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by farmers in the long-term practice of production and life. In a narrow sense, "rural culture" refers to the culture formed under certain social and economic conditions with farmers as the carrier. It is the reflection of farmers' cultural level, ideas, cognitive style, mode of thinking, values, emotional state, attitude towards life, pursuit of life, life style and other deep psychological structure formed and precipitated in the long farming practice. It expresses the spiritual world of farmers, personality characteristics and the degree of civilization. Rural culture reflects farmers' way of life and mode of production, and reflects the influence of the times and society on farmers' way of production and life. Without the fertile soil of the countryside, the rural culture cannot be created without the production and life of farmers. Therefore, rural culture is about the culture of farmers, and farmers are the main body of the formation and development of rural culture.

From the purpose of developing and prospering rural culture, the object of rural cultural service is farmers, and any form of rural culture is to meet the cultural needs of farmers, enrich their spare time life and improve their spiritual realm. With the great achievements in rural economic construction, the increase of farmers' income, the improvement of living standards and the improvement of production and living infrastructure, farmers' demand for culture is particularly prominent and urgent. In the process of rural cultural construction, only farmers' culture in rural areas should be respected and brought into full play.

The dominant position in construction should mobilize farmers' inherent enthusiasm, initiative and creativity to participate in rural cultural construction, and give farmers more rights to participate, speak and express in cultural construction by safeguarding and realizing their cultural interests. only by respecting and understanding farmers' cultural values can we really create a culture that meets the requirements of the development of the times and farmers like to hear and see, and only in this way can we really promote the great development and prosperity of rural culture. Only in this way can farmers benefit from cultural development and prosperity, can they really meet their spiritual and cultural needs, and can they personally experience the happiness and satisfaction brought about by culture in the process of participating in cultural construction.

Second, the reasons for the weakening of farmers' dominant position in the construction of rural culture.

From the perspective of the formation and development of rural culture and the purpose of rural cultural construction, farmers are the masters of rural culture, the main body of rural cultural construction, and the participants and beneficiaries of rural cultural construction. Rural cultural construction is a weak link in China's cultural construction, which is faced with difficulties and challenges in practice. In the current rural cultural construction, there exists the current situation that the dominant position of farmers is weakened, cultural rights are expressed and cultural interests are ignored. On the basis of reality, we need to clarify the subjective and objective reasons for the weakening of farmers' dominant position, and find solutions to the existing problems.

1. Under the dual social structure of urban and rural areas, the imbalance of cultural development between urban and rural areas.

Under the influence of the household registration system in urban and rural areas, the gap between urban and rural social, economic and cultural development has widened. For the whole country, urban culture is the center of national cultural development and occupies a leading position in cultural construction. The content, method, goal and mode of cultural construction are very clear and clear. On the other hand, rural culture occupies a secondary position in cultural construction, which has outdated contents, simple methods and vague goals. Because of their different positions in cultural construction, the country is more inclined to cities in the distribution of cultural public goods, the allocation of cultural resources, the construction of cultural infrastructure, the training of cultural talents and so on. Cities have great advantages in the process of national cultural construction. Relatively speaking, rural culture is synonymous with backward, negative, conservative and monotonous culture. Rural areas are at a disadvantage in the distribution of cultural public goods, the allocation of cultural resources, the construction of cultural infrastructure and the training of cultural talents. the cultural interests and rights of farmers can not be guaranteed. In 2006, finance at all levels invested 4.46 billion yuan in rural culture, accounting for only 28.5 percent of the country's total financial investment in culture, and the proportion of investment in urban culture was as high as 71.5 percent, exceeding that of rural areas by 43 percentage points. The per capita cultural expenses of farmers across the country is only 1.48 yuan. The serious shortage of cultural investment in public finance results in the backwardness of rural cultural facilities and the lack of cultural life of farmers in most areas. Taking the township cultural stations in 2010 as an example, there are 73920 employees in the country, with an average of 2.24 per station, of which 39588 are full-time staff, with an average of 1 per station. Of the 34121 township cultural stations across the country, 14503 have no full-time staff, accounting for 32.14% of the total number of township cultural stations, that is to say, nearly 1% of the township cultural stations have no full-time staff. Objectively, these unfavorable factors will inevitably affect the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of farmers to participate in rural cultural construction, and will inevitably make farmers subjectively exclude themselves from the main body of cultural construction and regard themselves as the supporting role of cultural construction.

two。 The improper methods of rural cultural construction.

At present, the method of rural cultural construction in our country is formed under the planned economic system and adopts the national top-down track. "the top-down track refers to the state's control over rural society and culture. This track has been refined since the Ming and Qing dynasties, and has been further consolidated and strengthened under the framework of nation-state construction after the Republic of China. Under the top-down track, the state unilaterally develops the rural culture through administrative power, treats the rural culture with a high attitude, and inculcates the values which are very different from the local culture directly and simply into the farmers. in the long-term process of cultural construction, farmers are marginalized and regarded as outsiders of rural cultural construction. The farmer is simply defined as the passive receiver of cultural construction, who is only the beneficiary of cultural construction, not the creator or participant of culture. Take the simple delivery of culture as a method of rural cultural construction, and even transplant the methods, contents, models and ideas of urban cultural construction directly to the countryside. Ignoring the soil and foundation of rural culture, ignoring the dominant position of farmers as the main body of cultural construction, and lack of understanding and understanding of farmers' real needs and inner thoughts on culture, at the same time, "government agencies hold resources." monopolizing the way and content of the supply of cultural products, farmers are basically excluded from the supply decision-making, do not have the right to participate, and do not have the right to express the true will of public goods. Farmers, who should be the main body of the cultural construction of the new countryside, are in a situation of aphasia. It is precisely because of the singleness of the method, the obsolete content, the lack of resources and the dislocation of roles, the enthusiasm and interest of farmers to participate in cultural construction are greatly reduced.

3. Due to the long-term influence of the consciousness of small farmers, the subject consciousness of farmers is not strong.

China is an agricultural country with thousands of years of feudal history, and farmers' thoughts are deeply influenced by small-scale peasant economy. Chinese farmers of all ages have regarded land as the foundation for them to settle down, and Chinese-style farming culture has been formed in the long process of social development. Under the influence of long-term farming culture, farmers' ideas, ways of thinking, living habits, values, behavior and so on are deeply marked with the brand of conservatism, closeness, negativity, peace of mind, lack of progress and contentment. For a long time, farmers are often unable to get rid of the self-psychological orientation of subordinates as a force of power, and there is a considerable lack of independence, initiative, creativity and autonomy in their subject consciousness and ability, as well as the prosperity of rural culture. It is the malpractice of weak subject consciousness and lack of cultural consciousness that makes the broad masses of farmers treat rural cultural construction with the psychology and attitude of waiting, relying and wanting. Such psychology and attitude will not only affect farmers' own cultural rights and interests, but also affect the whole rural cultural construction.

4. The overall cultural quality of farmers is not high.

The low overall cultural level and low cultural quality of farmers are the important reasons that restrict farmers' participation in cultural construction. Restricted by the old ideas, thousands of years of agricultural culture and the constraints of economic conditions, the general level of education for the broad masses of farmers is not high. According to the white paper "New Progress in Poverty Alleviation and Development in China's Rural areas" released by the Information Office of the State Council in 2011, "by the end of 2010, the illiteracy rate among young and middle-aged people was 7%, and the average number of years of education for young and middle-aged workers reached 8 years." The number of years of receiving education is low, the cultural level is low, and the cultural quality is not high, which causes farmers to be conservative and backward in thought, prone to deviation in values, and lack of correct understanding of the significance and role of cultural construction in farmers' production and life. unable to timely and accurately understand the relevant national policies and measures on cultural development. In the process of cultural construction, it is easy to subjectively regard themselves as the object of construction, lose the initiative of cultural construction, and can not effectively safeguard their own legitimate cultural rights and interests.

5. The loss of the main body of rural cultural construction.

Since the reform and opening up, a large number of farmers have left the land on which they have lived for generations and come to the city with dreams, forming a special social group of migrant workers. According to the survey and monitoring report on migrant workers released by the National Bureau of Statistics in 2012, "in 2011, the number of migrant workers across the country was 250 million. In terms of age, migrant workers are mainly young and middle-aged, with 6.3% of migrant workers aged 16-20 years old, accounting for 6.3% of migrant workers aged 21-30 years old. 32.7% of them are 31 M0 years old, 22.7% of them are 41-20 years old and 24.0% are over 20 years old. 14.3%. The golden age of life is from 16 to 40, when people of this age have the courage to accept new things, think actively, dare to try, dare to innovate, and have strong self-awareness and self-consciousness. They are the main body of the rural cultural construction, the rural social elite. However, from the perspective of reality, the loss of rural social elites makes the original traditional and regional forms of literature and art and folk stunts face the danger of being lost. Influenced by the rich and colorful culture of the city for a long time, in the face of the gap between urban and rural cultural development, as well as the adverse effects of urban culture and foreign culture, it has changed farmers' recognition and cognition of folk culture and local culture. Farmers themselves will subjectively reject the relatively backward and monotonous rural culture and become an outsider and bystander of rural cultural construction. "the overall cultural quality of farmers is relatively low. The young and middle-aged population with the most cultural vitality is lost all the year round, which not only aggravates the monotonous trend of rural culture, but also makes it difficult to implement many national policies and measures for the construction of rural culture in rural grass-roots communities. " The rural social elite takes an indifferent and negative attitude towards the rural cultural construction, which makes the rural cultural construction lose its source and vitality.

6. Economic poverty.

Cultural construction is based on the economic foundation. Without material development, there can be no cultural development. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, the income of farmers has been improved, their living standards have been improved, and the problems of survival and food and clothing of rural residents have been basically solved. However, by the end of 2010, there were still 26.88 million rural poor people, accounting for 2.8 per cent of the rural population. " For the farmers who are still on the poverty line, their primary task is to solve the problems of food, clothing, housing and so on. For the cultural construction at the spiritual level, it is certainly not the first thing they should consider.