When the straw is returned to the field, the agricultural machinery needs to be strengthened.

In 2015, the central government allocated 800 million yuan to support and encourage the promotion of soil improvement technology and increase the content of soil organic matter, of which "comprehensively popularizing the comprehensive technology of straw returning to the field" is one of the main uses of this fund. Pan Wenbo, deputy director of the planting Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, told reporters that in recent years, local governments and agricultural departments have vigorously promoted the return of straw to the field, which has received a positive response from farmers, especially large grain growers, family farms, and other new business entities, and has achieved remarkable results in Shandong and Hebei in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, as well as Jiangsu and Anhui provinces in the southern region.

If you want to do good work, you must first sharpen its tools. Straw returning to the field depends on agricultural machinery first, harvest and cutting, mechanical crushing, deep ploughing and other supporting agricultural machinery to play a role, but also need to adjust measures to local conditions according to local conditions. At the end of May, the reporter accompanied an interview with the "cross-district demonstration operation of straw returning agricultural machinery" organized by Shandong Changlin Group, and visited some areas of Shandong and Jiangsu provinces to understand the difficulties and breakthroughs in the promotion of comprehensive straw returning technology.

The high price of agricultural machinery is too high for some farmers to afford.

In order to seize the agricultural season and harvest, it is necessary to shorten the time of crop stubble change as far as possible, and how to deal with crop straw, which is an ancient proposition of traditional agriculture. In the southern rice region, there are the problems of early rice harvest and late rice transplanting, while the conversion of wheat and corn stubble in North China is faced with the problem of straw treatment.

In the past, the planting method of a household used straw as firewood, or burned on the ground, or used as feed for breeding. In the process of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, the "old proposition" has a new note, that is, "straw return to the field", the use of large machinery to solve the problem.

Yu Jiahua, general manager of Ingersoll Rand Company of Shandong Changlin Group, said, "Mechanization as a carrier is a great progress in productivity." But the traditional small tools can not meet the current needs, rely on 90 horsepower, 120 horsepower with a small rotary tiller? It won't solve the problem. "

In Jichang Agricultural Mechanization Service Farmers' specialized Cooperative in Tancheng County, Shandong Province, there are some relatively old tractors and machinery. Zheng Jichang, chairman of the board, told reporters that he was basically responsible for the harvesting of crops nearby, and that some machines had been modified by him. Simple and practical. When asked why he did not replace the new equipment, he felt that the price of the new machine was higher, often tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands, and there was financial pressure.

At the agricultural machinery storage site of a farm in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Agricultural Reclamation Group, there are brand-new and semi-new kinds of horsepower agricultural machinery, including John Deere C230, 3518, Dongfanghong 1204, 1304 and other models, as well as various agricultural tools for sowing, fertilizing and loosening the soil. The farm also plans to buy a batch of new farm tools this year in order to better deal with the problem of returning straw to the field. The person in charge of the farm said, "machines with high horsepower and well-equipped equipment are the most effective, and of course the price is also high, so they can only afford it if they have the economic strength."

Why is straw burning prohibited? Mr. Wang of the farm agricultural machinery service station told reporters that at present, there are more straw recycling procedures, baling, truck transportation, and so on, and the cost is higher. The poor utilization of some of the recycled straw and the habit formed by farmers for thousands of years are all the reasons for the continued burning of straw.

Great horsepower and great power it is very important to choose the right equipment.

When the weather cleared up on May 31, Ingersoll Rand Company of Shandong Changlin Group began to demonstrate its operation on the farm of Jiangsu Agricultural Reclamation. Yu Jiahua pointed to the crushed straw and said that there are still some problems in returning the straw to the field after crushing, including shallow stubble and too long straw retention. The farm is located to the south of the Huaihe River in the Qinling Mountains, planting two crops a year, wheat in the first half of the year and rice in the second half of the year. Wheat began to harvest in a large area on June 5 and began to transplant rice on the 10th, with an interval of only one week. If the wheat straw is crushed and returned to the field and not thoroughly crushed, rice transplanting will be affected.

Mr. Zhang, a farm worker, said: "this year, the farm introduced the mechanical planting technology of rice seedlings, which has the characteristics of quick return to green, high survival rate, long seedling age, low soil moisture, and so on. However, if the straw is not crushed thoroughly, the survival rate of rice planted on the straw is low. " According to local farmers, uncrushed straw floating on the water will also affect the growth of rice seedlings.

The staff of Shandong Changlin Group told reporters that the machines and tools brought about by this demonstration operation include notched disc rakes, stubble rotary tillers, hydraulic overturning strip ploughs, and so on. The straw after harvest is crushed by mechanization, and then the crushed straw is turned directly into the soil through cultivated land. If the machines and tools are selected properly, the straw is chopped and mixed with the soil, the looseness and permeability of the soil can be improved for many years, and the soil organic matter can be restored, so as to improve soil fertility, improve soil and reduce fertilization.

The farm has a total arable land area of about 150000 mu, and the demonstration operation is chosen to be carried out on 17000 mu of land in a production area. The land is large, and two kinds of agricultural machinery with 160,260 horsepower can be used. The technicians in the production area felt on the spot that "the crushing effect of machines and tools is far better than that of agricultural machinery with 110-130 horsepower in the past." Some onsite spectators also believe that high-horsepower agricultural machinery is expensive and consumes a lot of fuel, so it still has to be accounted for whether it is cost-effective to use it.

Attention must be paid to the integration of agricultural machinery agronomy from agricultural machinery design to field operation.

Yu Jiahua believes that while drivers understand the knowledge and technical operation of agricultural machinery, they should also have some understanding of the habits of different soils and crops. For example, if the sand is relatively soft, there is no need to use too much horsepower agricultural machinery when farming. On the other hand, clay is viscous when wet and hard when dry, so it does not necessarily work with high horsepower machines. "our design concept of developing machines and tools comes from agronomy and carries out customized production according to different conditions and conditions such as crops, soil and climate in different regions."

Shandong Changlin Group was originally an unknown small enterprise with net assets of no more than 10 million yuan in Linshu County. Under the leadership of Chairman Zhang Yihua, it has developed into a large national private group company integrating agricultural machinery, construction machinery, high-precision casting and high-end hydraulic parts, relying on management and development concepts such as adapting to users, agricultural conditions and market.

"Chang Lin starts from a certain point, although it is a spark, but it can ignite a piece of hope." Yu Jiahua said. Constantly developing machines and tools suitable for the current situation and finding the characteristics of Chinese characteristics and even meticulous to a region and a piece of farmland is a direction driven by scientific and technological innovation in the field of agricultural machinery in the future.

"A large area of land requires technicians who are skilled and familiar with the environment. We say that planting the land first makes the soil, and then educates people. Making soil means making the soil environment suitable for the growth of seeds and seedlings, and educating people means cultivating a new type of robot. " Yu Jiahua is worried about the lack of success in the current process of mechanization.

When the reporter was at the farm farm agricultural machinery storage site, he met a young post-80s young man, Hu Gang, who was repairing agricultural machinery. His family is in Huachuan County, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, and has many years of experience in cross-district operation. Hu Gang said: "after a long time, I have understood the temperament of the land and made it easier to operate."