Promoting the integration of urban and rural areas by equal exchange of urban and rural elements

Since the 18th CPC National Congress, in his important exposition on the issues of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, Comrade Xi Jinping has repeatedly stressed the need to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, to promote the equal exchange of urban and rural elements, and to achieve a balanced allocation of urban and rural public resources. In the process of implementing the spirit of Comrade Xi Jinping's important exposition, governments at all levels, especially agricultural departments at all levels, have done a lot of fruitful work, done a solid job in the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new stage, and went all out to promote agricultural modernization. it is the mainstream to continuously increase farmers' income, comprehensively deepen rural reform, and provide basic support for the overall economic and social development. However, we must see that in many places, there are still varying degrees of unequal exchange of urban and rural elements, uneven allocation of public resources, and sometimes even the overall situation, which aggravate the complexity of the three rural issues and should be paid great attention to.

Promote the equal exchange of urban and rural elements and the balanced allocation of public resources to safeguard farmers' interests

Agriculture is a weak industry, especially in our country, which is more typical social, public and basic. At present, agricultural modernization and new rural construction lag behind the overall situation of modernization as a whole. This requires us to tilt our work towards agriculture, rural areas and farmers, further improve and improve the agricultural support and protection system, establish a mechanism for the stable growth of agricultural input, improve the mode of agricultural subsidies, improve the level of market regulation, and promote the innovation of rural finance and insurance. greatly enhance the "hematopoiesis" function of the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, so that the sustainable development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has a strong staying power. However, the unequal exchange of urban and rural elements in reality hinders the process of urban-rural integration and weakens the stamina of the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, so we need to take practical measures to speed up the solution.

We can cite examples in this respect at will. Under the current system, the rights and interests of farmers' factors of production can not be actually protected. In terms of labor elements, migrant farmers can not achieve equal pay for equal work with urban workers. In terms of land elements, farmers receive less compensation in rural land development, and there is still the problem of being deducted. In terms of capital elements, a large number of deposits absorbed by rural financial institutions flow to non-agriculture, rural areas and farmers, especially to cities, while farmers, especially small and micro enterprises in rural areas, face loan difficulties for a long time. In terms of talent elements, a large number of rural elites flow to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other large and medium-sized cities, resulting in serious blood loss of rural talents and lack of successors. Not to mention, many economic factors and products are imported into cities, while pollution remains in rural areas, protecting cities at the expense of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, aggravating the dichotomy between urban and rural areas, making the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers more difficult to solve, and so on.

To fundamentally change the problem of inequality in the exchange of elements between urban and rural areas, the most important thing is that governments at all levels, especially leaders with decision-making power, should understand the seriousness of this problem in the overall situation of modernization and consciously promote the balanced allocation of public resources. jump out of the interests of departments and industries, do good deeds and do practical things for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and take practical actions to safeguard the interests of farmers.

First, we should grasp the core issues of equal exchange of urban and rural factors and balanced allocation of public resources, conscientiously safeguard farmers' rights and interests in factors of production, and effectively ensure that farmers obtain equal rights and interests in the exchange of labor, land, funds, and other factors. In particular, it is necessary to break the shackles of the current labor wage system, reform the unequal employment and labor remuneration system in urban and rural areas, make migrant workers enjoy the same labor remuneration rights and interests as urban workers, and ensure that farmers enjoy the benefits of land value-added in accordance with the law. Allow collective construction land to sell, lease and buy shares, so as to enter the market on the same basis as state-owned land, have the same rights and prices, reform the land expropriation system, and increase the distribution proportion of farmers in land value-added income; ensure that rural deposits in financial institutions are mainly used for agriculture and rural development.

Second, we should grasp the key issues of equal exchange of urban and rural elements and balanced allocation of public resources, establish and improve the agricultural support and protection system, reform and improve the agricultural subsidy system, and form a set of interest compensation mechanisms for major grain producing areas. It is very important to establish and improve the agricultural support and protection system, reform the agricultural subsidy system, and improve the interest compensation mechanism in the main grain producing areas. It is necessary to improve the policy mechanism, strengthen support and protection, and form a long-term mechanism from the aspects of capital investment, price support, and infrastructure construction.

Third, encourage and support more social forces to shift to agriculture, and more social funds to be invested in rural construction. With more social forces and social capital turning to agriculture, rural areas and farmers, we can reverse the outflow of rural savings funds, and it is also conducive to allowing labor, land and other factors of production to be taken from agriculture, rural areas and farmers and used for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. to make up for the negative impact of the imbalance between urban and rural areas on agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the allocation of public resources, work together to support the improvement of rural production and living standards, and support the all-round development of rural areas.

Fourth, always make clear the important goal of equal exchange of urban and rural elements, and vigorously promote the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas. It is necessary to change the urban-rural dual system from basic policies to specific plans, and earnestly promote infrastructure construction to be tilted to rural areas. In particular, we should increase the coverage of rural infrastructure construction in public finance, balance the balanced allocation of compulsory education resources in urban and rural areas, improve the three-level medical and health service system in rural areas, and implement key cultural projects in rural areas to benefit the people. we will improve the new rural social endowment insurance policy system, improve the equal public employment and entrepreneurial service system between urban and rural areas, narrow the gap between urban and rural areas year by year, improve the happiness index of farmers, and make the vast rural areas suitable for production and residence. Getting closer to the goal of being well-off in an all-round way step by step.

Deepen the reform and accelerate the integration of urban and rural areas

To change the current situation of inequality in the exchange of urban and rural elements, at present, the most important thing is to break through the institutional bottleneck, and after solving the problems of concept and understanding, we should step up efforts to deepen reform, support policies, and improve the mechanism.

First, it is necessary to improve the rural land system and remove institutional obstacles to the fair exchange of urban and rural land elements. According to the realistic law, the local government has the right to expropriate land, and the government occupies a core position in the process of land expropriation. the monopoly of the land demand side leads to the scissors difference between the primary market and the secondary market, and leads to the imperfect development of the land market. hinders the fair exchange of land elements. To improve the construction of rural land market is to speed up the determination of land rights, accelerate the reform of land expropriation system, and increase the distribution proportion of farmers in land value-added income.

Second, it is necessary to promote the integrated system of urban and rural development, achieve the equalization of urban and rural public services, and let the broad masses of farmers equally participate in the modernization process and share the fruits of modernization. This requires that the mechanism and system of urban-rural integration must be cultivated and promoted at many levels. In particular, it is necessary to ensure that rural deposits in financial institutions are given priority in agricultural and rural areas. Fiscal expenditure is further tilted to rural areas; the sunshine of public finance is further extended to rural areas, public infrastructure is further extended to rural areas, and public services are further covered to rural areas.

Third, more attention should be paid to improving the system and mechanism of rural ecological environment protection than ever before. the unequal exchange of elements between urban and rural areas has also directly led to the deterioration of the rural ecological environment, especially land pollution, water pollution and large-scale haze weather. The ecological land is decreasing sharply, the ecological space is shrinking year by year, and the contradiction between man and nature is more prominent, which directly threatens the production and life of farmers, especially the health problems. To solve this problem, we must solve the problem of attaching importance to cities and neglecting townships, give better play to the leading role of the government, and improve the ecological protection and management system in rural areas.

Fourth, we should use a set of policy mechanisms and working mechanisms to strengthen the party's leadership over the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, bring urban-rural integration and other specific work into the overall situation of the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and take correct measures and sufficient efforts to ensure practical results. Party committees and governments at all levels should tilt towards agricultural and rural work in terms of work arrangements, financial arrangements, and the allocation of cadres, take solving the equal exchange of elements between urban and rural areas as a breakthrough, promote the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new stage, and comprehensively deepen rural reform. better achieve the strategic goal of being well-off in an all-round way.