Four Heavenly Kings of Chunlan

Song Mei, Wan Zi, long Zi and Jiyuan are the "four Heavenly Kings" of Chunlan.

Song Mei

1. Introduction:

Song Mei, also known as Song Jinmei, the traditional inscription of Chinese orchids, is the representative variety of plum petals. The flower was selected by Song Jinxuan in Shaoxing during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1736-1795). The flower was named after the surname of Song Jinxuan and the plum petal of the flower. The flower is dignified and generous and is listed as the first of the four famous species of Chunlan.

Subject: Orchidaceae, perennial herbs.

Petal type: plum petal

Stock: about 600000 seedlings

2. Price evolution:

The 20th century:

50-60's: 1Mui 2 yuan / seedling 70's: 50 yuan / seedling

1980s: 100 yuan per seedling

1990s: 120 yuan per seedling

The 21st century:

2000: 120 won 150 yuan per seedling 2004: 120 won 220 yuan per seedling

2005: 180 won 280 yuan per seedling

2009: 50 won 100 yuan per seedling

2010: 30 won 70 yuan per seedling

2011: 50-100 yuan per seedling

3. Shape:

Spring Orchid, Song Mei and Dragon characters are collectively known as "National Orchid Shuangbi". After more than 200 years of history, although there are many famous orchids, the plum petal flower is the classic model of the plum petal flower.

Song plum leaves arched, leaf length is generally 25cm-30cm, leaf width 0.5cm-1.5cm, leaf tail obtuse tip. The leaf quality is medium-thick, the leaf color is dark green, the glossiness is good, the middle bone is stiff, extremely elastic, the leaf posture is semi-drooping, the leaf edge has fine teeth.

Petal type: due to the difference of planting bud, plum petal flowers can bloom lotus type daffodils and plum type daffodils. The outer three petals are very tight and round, like plum blossom petals, and the tight edges seem to be inlaid with white edges. The color is green, double holding up the pocket, the shape is similar to the silkworm moth, so it is called silkworm moth holding. The lingual lobe is short and round, slightly upward. There is a tiny pocket on the tip of the tongue, such as the sea of a boy, so it is called Liuhai tongue, and there is a red spot on the tongue. Bracts are light red, bluegrass is strong and often has two flowers, scape is high, leaves are dark green, semi-drooping, leaf tip is obtuse, leaf width is wide, leaf surface is shiny, and the beauty of leaf posture is indescribable. It is an outstanding species in Chunlan plum petals. Together with Wanzi, Longzi and Jiyuan, Chunlan was listed as the "four Heavenly Kings" and was pushed as the first of the "four Heavenly Kings".

The outer three petals sometimes open lotus-shaped daffodils or plum-shaped daffodils. When bluegrass is strong, it is easy to double buds and pedicel. The main lobe is round, the side lobe is flat shoulder, the middle palace is round, and the flower appearance is very straight. Scape high, sometimes above the leaf surface. There are two or three shells on the bracts, and the flower stems are white and reddish, which are also caused by budding. As the discovery of Song Mei coincides with the perfection of the petal shape theory of Chinese orchids, taking Song Mei as a model, this paper determines the definition of plum petals and defines the conditions that plum petals should have. Song Mei is a typical and representative of plum petal flowers. No matter what kind of orchid it is, no matter what kind of orchid, no matter what kind of orchid, plum petal flower can surpass Song Mei for hundreds of years.

4. Reproductive technology

Ramets are often used in Songmei breeding. Once every five years. The ramet time is mostly carried out before the new bud is exposed, or before winter after flowering. Let the basin soil dry, shake off the soil, and cut off the old roots and some old leaves before dividing the plants. Cover the bottom hole with small tiles, add a layer of broken brick and coarse sand, and the thickness is 1 / 5 of that of the flowerpot; then place the new buds outward, spread the roots and place them in the pot, cultivate the soil and gently shake the flowerpot to make the soil tight, slightly raise the seedlings, and then add a layer of culture soil. Finally, water it in a cool place and move it to semi-shade after 1-2 weeks.

5. Management technology

Potted Songmei was planted with 4-6 plants in each pot, and the orchid seedlings were symmetrical, distributed reasonably and filled into the soil cautiously. After pouring water into the basin, put it in a place where there is no direct sunlight and shelter from the wind, it can be moved in the shadow of the balcony a week later, and then gradually see the light. The culture soil is often mixed with rotten leaf soil, sand, dry cow dung (4:1:1) or peat soil, sand and dried cow dung (3:1:1). Use oil residue and chicken manure as base fertilizer. Thin manure water was used for topdressing, once a week from May to August. If there are too many scape of Song plum, you can cut it out, and each clump can have one flower. It is the northern wind season after flowering, so it is necessary to prevent the dry wind from blowing, protect it with plastic film and irrigate the water properly. Watering less before changing pots, killing insects, overcast and rainy days; small plants and less watering of leaves with black spots. Songmei has many diseases and insect pests, so attention should be paid to prevention and control.

After the Song plum blossoms, it is appropriate to rest, sunny, suitable for water, so that the flowers can be as proud as spring, round and pleasant.

6. Song Mei and Orchid Culture

(1) Personality symbol

Confucius introduced orchids into Chinese culture, made them integrate with Sinology, and was highly respected by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, known as "king incense" and "incense ancestor", and became the embodiment of "gentleman" and "sage".

Traditional culture pays attention to the "integrity" of all things, such as being "upright" and "upright", being an official should be "upright" and "upright", Chinese martial arts also have the training of "standing like pine, sitting like a clock, and walking like the wind", while Guolan inherits its quintessence, with special emphasis on "upright", "upright" and full of charm.

Because of Song Mei's discovery, at a time when the petal shape theory of National Orchid is perfect, Song Mei has become the model of national orchid plum petals because of its supreme flowers. Taking it as the standard, the predecessors determined the definition of plum petals and put forward several indicators that plum petals should possess.

Song Mei is a typical and representative of plum petal flowers. No matter it is flower appearance, or charm, for hundreds of years, no matter what kind of orchid, none of the plum petals can only surpass Song Mei. Therefore, Song Meicheng is the representative of Chinese orchids, which contains the essence of Chinese culture.

The outer three petals of Song Mei are particularly "tight" round, just like the petals of plum blossoms, the main petal is round, the secondary petal is flat, the middle palace is tightened, and the flower appearance is very straight. The color is turquoise, free of miscellaneous colors, and the five petals seem to be set with a white edge, corresponding to the white of the tongue, making it more elegant. Double hold up pocket, shaped like a silkworm moth, so it is called silkworm moth holding.

The flap of the tongue is short and round, slightly upward, such as a boy's bangs, also known as "bangs". There are irregular red spots on the tongue, showing a piece of wholehearted, showing the metaphor of a gentleman.

Song Mei can be regarded as the model and representative of plum petal flowers, both in terms of flower appearance and charm. For hundreds of years, no matter what kind of orchid, none of the plum petals can only surpass Song Mei's. Song Mei, as a model of Chunlan plum petal flowers, defines the definition of plum petals and defines the conditions that plum petals should have, which is of typical significance.

Liu Qingyong, a famous orchid expert, said: "instead of being small and humble, the orchid stands solemnly, unexpectedly, refreshed, awe-inspiring, high-spirited, full of spirit, and inviolable. She is so clever, so serious, and awesome." A few words sum up the spirit and temperament of orchids. The small five petals embody the natural beauty of orchids and the spirit of the Chinese nation incisively and vividly. It embodies the aesthetic norms of Chinese traditional Confucianism: harmony, balance, legitimacy, peaceful rhythm and moderate rhythm.

(2) legends

In the Huiji Mountain area of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, there is a small village with 40 or 50 families. Because the people in the village are all surnamed Song, this village is called Song Jiadian.

Legend has it that during the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, there was a businessman named Song Jinxuan. He shipped the tea and mountain goods produced in Shaoxing to Hangzhou and Suzhou for sale, and came back to sell the small commodities such as fine cloth, the leader there, back to Shaoxing. Due to the success of his business, in ten years, he has gradually expanded from a small business and a trader to a manufacturer of bulk business, and has become a well-known local rich family.

Although Song Jinxuan was a rich man, he was born poor from an early age, so he always sympathized with those villagers who were in difficulties, and from time to time he gave them some money and food to help them, but he refused to get into the habit of smoking and drinking. He still lived that kind of plain life, but raising orchids and Ailan became the biggest hobby of his life, often spending a lot of money in order to get a pot of good orchids. His family is in the mountains, to the point, orchids grow in the mountains. In spring, whenever he was in his spare time, he would take a hoe and carry a bamboo basket up the mountain to pick orchids. But decades of hard search, but failed to let him meet a good variety of orchids, he often felt a little bitter, but he was still undaunted, hoping that one day.

One year, after the Lantern Festival, the earth gradually showed warmth, and the tea trees began to spit out new green. At night, Song Jinxuan lay alone in bed and thought of the orchid. He said to himself, "if you want to find orchids everywhere, how can it be so difficult to find a good one?" Have I really become a monkey fishing for the moon in the water? "thinking, thinking, he yawned several times in succession, and his brain became confused …... Suddenly, he came across an old woman with gray hair, wearing a sloping skirt-rimmed dress and a jade cloak in her hands, about sixty years old. He brought a 15-or 16-year-old girl to him, made a polite bow to him, and said to him, "this girl is my neighbor. She has no father or mother, and she has no one to depend on. I know that my husband sympathizes with other people's hardship and charity. So I want to bring my child to him as a maidservant, only to provide food and clothing." With that, a wistful look appeared on the old woman's face, waiting for Song Jinxuan's answer. Song Jinxuan looked at the little girl carefully. Although she was dressed in rags, she had a handsome, round face, and could not help feeling a little bit. He immediately nodded and said, "my mother-in-law has gone too far. I myself was born in a poor and miserable family, helping the poor and the neighbors. This is an old saying of the people in my hometown." Just make her my goddaughter! Please rest assured. " The old woman left the little girl, kowtowed and bowed again and again, saying countless thanks. Song Jinxuan also politely sent the old woman to the door to bid farewell. Song Jinxuan was awakened by the rumble of spring thunder, and he calmed himself to know that what had just happened was a dream. Listening to the sound of the spring rain, he was so preoccupied with his dreams that he couldn't sleep for a moment.

A few days later, on a windy and sunny afternoon, Song Jinxuan went up the mountain to look for orchids again. He knew that orchids grew mostly on shady slopes. Although there were many orchids along the way, they were full of flowers whose tips were as thin as nails, thin and light in color, and whose leaves were narrow and pointed. Had to continue to climb one mountain after another. In the mountains, the spring breeze brushed the face, and the birds chirped politely, adding a bit of quiet atmosphere. Song Jinxuan was interested in looking for orchids. He looked up and saw that the horizon was already a red sun in the west. Dragging his tired legs, he walked slowly down the hill with some disappointment. Accidentally, my foot tripped over a protruding stone on the mountain road and fell on its back. Fortunately, the mountain was gentle here. He slowly got up from the ground. Suddenly he saw a small clump of bluegrass growing in the thorn bush not far away, shaking in the breeze. He thought it was strange that the place was so thin that it should not have grown orchid, so he took a closer look with some curiosity: the orchid leaves were dark green and broad in the evening light. The glossy light is shining, a piece of curved arc, like a soft belt, which seems to have a good record. Take a closer look: there was a bud shaped like a lotus seed, and his spirit suddenly perked up. I thought: there has been no harvest for a long time, but now, will it be a good flower? So, holding his sleeve, he spit into his palm, clenched the mountain hoe, first plucked the thorns around the orchid, then carefully dug up the orchid, put it in a basket, walked quickly down the hill, and took it home to plant in a mud basin. More than ten days have passed, and under the reminder of spring, the orchid slowly elongated the stamens and finally bloomed. The flower is taller than the orchid leaf, the shoulder is flat and green, the three petals are bright green, tight, with a sharp peak on the head, and along the outer edge of the three petals is like a circle of white lines drawn with a pen; the silkworm moth and bangs are integrated with the broad, concave leaves with blunt ends, reflecting each other with a girlish posture. Ana is colorful. Song Jinxuan was overjoyed to know that the flower was indeed the best of plum petals. He looked at it in the morning and at noon: during the day and under the lights at night, he still felt that he had not seen enough. When he thought of the dream half a month ago, he always felt a little strange.... "Oh"! It suddenly dawned on him: the leaf shape and flower shape of this orchid are so beautiful, isn't it the little girl you saw in your dream?

Since then, Song Jinxuan more carefully cultivated this orchid, let it continue to thrive, thrive, and named the orchid "Song Mei" after his surname. More than two hundred years have passed, orchid farmers and Cailan people in Jiangsu and Zhejiang have found many new species of plum petals one after another, but they are always inferior to Song Mei, who is always the corrector of plum petals and a typical representative of plum petals.

(3) related poems

Poem one:

Five blessings of different herbs in Yaochi

Gorgeous crown spring plum for hundreds of years

An inch of heart fragrant for thousands of generations

Poem 2:

Meikui comes out of Huaiji Mountain.

The brocade under the city of Shaoxing is planted in a spin.

Hundreds of degrees of ups and downs

Be aboveboard and aboveboard.

Xiang Chuan Qianshan has a heart

The flowers bloom in ten thousand households.

Even though tissue culture is like leek.

But see the old pot out of the Song Dynasty house.

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