Culture methods and matters needing attention of the latest potted sword orchid

Sword orchid, the scientific name is Gladiolus, belongs to the bulbous plant of Cucurbitaceae, the original species is native to South Africa. The flower stem is higher than the leaf, and the Corolla tube is in the shape of an expanded funnel, and the flower colors are red, yellow, purple, white, blue and other monochrome or multi-color varieties. It is widely cultivated all over the world. So, is the sword orchid easy to raise? What are the breeding methods?

Sword orchid is a sunny plant, likes to grow in sunny places, but when planting in summer, it should be noted that sword orchid likes cool climate in summer and is not resistant to heat, must not be exposed to the sun, the growth of sword orchid is not resistant to cold, and it should be planted in winter. Its main growth place is in the northeast, North China, and Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places in the south. So, what is the breeding method of sword orchid? What are the points for attention?

First briefly summarize the cultivation methods of sword orchid, and then according to the soil, environment, watering and so on one by one, the cultivation of sword orchid is actually very simple, as long as there is a suitable growth time of 4-5 months, it can be planted. Sword orchid from planting bulbs to flowering about 60-120 days (different varieties vary in flowering time). In the breeding process, one is to pay attention to light (sufficient light), the other is to pay attention to watering (waterlogging), let's take a look at the specific breeding methods.

The bulb of sword orchid was selected and cultivated in the flat bulb without disease, spot, germination and rooting. After the bulb is planted, it should be watered once and place in a ventilated and sunny place to keep the soil moist.

The main results are as follows: 1) planting time: the best planting time in China is spring, when the average temperature is above 20 ℃.

2) planting depth: the best covering depth of sword orchid is about 10 cm.

3) planting environment: whether potted or planted on the ground, adequate light is essential. If there is no good lighting condition, give up planting sword orchid.

4) temperature requirements: the suitable growth temperature of sword orchid is spring, about 20 degrees, the corm germinates under the condition of 4 ℃, and the growth is the best at 20-25 ℃. All the areas with 4-5 months' growth period in a year can be planted in the open field, the temperature is higher than 27 ℃, the growth is hindered, the petals are easy to burn, less than 10 ℃, and the growth is slow.

4) soil: it is better to use sandy soil with good drainage, of course, other soils are also available, as long as it can be drained for a long time, because sword orchid is not resistant to waterlogging and is easy to rot, so the drainage of basin soil is particularly important. The rich and deep sandy soil requires good drainage, and the sandy slope soil with good drainage is the most suitable. The suitable ph is 5.66.5. it is not suitable to plant in the areas where heavy clayey soil is prone to waterlogging.

5) Illumination: sword orchid is not tolerant to shade and is a long-sunshine plant. 16 hours a day is the most suitable light. Cut flower varieties are greatly affected by light. If the sunshine is sufficient, the growth is strong, the resistance is strong, and the flower color is bright and long-lasting, but in hot summer, it is also necessary to avoid strong direct sunlight, otherwise the leaves of sword orchid will be scarred.

6) watering: as a whole, less watering is better, the soil is a little dry at ordinary times, and it is not suitable to keep the soil moist for a long time. It is not suitable to water too much at the initial stage of cultivation; during the growing period, it is necessary to keep the pot soil moist; after the flower stem is extracted, it is necessary to spray water on the leaf surface once or twice a day to increase air humidity.

7) fertilization: sword orchid still has a lot of demand for fertilizer, especially in potted plants, which is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which can be applied with thin fertilizer. Sword orchid is a shallow root plant, fertilizer should be applied shallowly, fertilization should take into account both nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, topdressing at two true leaf stages (after flower bud differentiation) and heading stage, apply dilute fecal water plus urea once, re-apply potassium fertilizer in the middle stage, and pay attention to nitrogen control in the later stage, so as not to overgrow the plant and cause lodging. The plots dominated by seed bulb production should be mainly increased with potash fertilizer.

Note:

1) Light: long sunshine is needed to maintain the environment before flower bud differentiation, which is beneficial to the flower bud differentiation of sword orchid. Insufficient light will reduce the number of flowers. When the flower bud differentiation is finished, short-day sunshine will contribute to the formation of flower buds and early flowering.

2) temperature: sword orchid likes warmth, avoid muggy heat, and is not resistant to cold, so it is important to maintain the temperature of the environment. The optimum temperature for the growth and development of sword orchid is generally no more than 27 ℃, so we should pay attention to ventilation and shading at high temperature in summer to avoid senescence and degradation of plant growth caused by high temperature. The optimum temperature is 20: 25 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ at night.

3) ventilation: after the sword orchid is withered, the bulbs can be collected when the leaves begin to turn yellow. At this time, the old bulb has shrunk, a new bulb grows on it, and there are many small bulbs around it. These bulbs are dried and stored in a cool and ventilated place for replanting next year.

4) planting time: sword orchid is suitable for planting in spring, and some flowers can't help planting in autumn. Because sword orchid has the habit of dormancy in winter, most of the sword orchids planted in autumn wither before they blossom.

5) Anti-rot ball: do not cut off the foliage before digging. After digging, you can tie the bundle or spread it out to dry, and then take the ball for storage. Planting balls should be spread thinly on indoor multi-storey shelves, requiring ventilation and dryness to prevent frost damage. If the soil is moist for a long time, for example, the soil may rot if it is overcast and rainy for many days, and if the pot is watered too much, the drainage of the basin soil is not good and it is easy to rot.