The transformation of animal husbandry aims at the whole industry chain

On June 15, the National Conference on Modern Animal Husbandry Construction was held in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. How to seek a breakthrough in the transformation of animal husbandry in China, representatives of relevant departments and experts in the industry discussed this.

Livestock must walk fast

With the improvement of people's income level and the promotion of urbanization, the consumption demand for meat, eggs and milk is still growing rigidly. It is estimated that the annual demand for new meat exceeds 800,000 tons. Wang Zhicai, director of the Animal Husbandry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that at present, China's per capita daily intake of animal protein is 33 grams, exceeding the world average level, but still far below the level of developed countries.

"More importantly, the consumption structure is still upgrading, not only to eat, but also to eat at ease; not only to have quantity, but also to upgrade." To ensure the safety of industrial development and product quality, it is urgent to speed up the construction of modern animal husbandry." Agriculture Minister Han Changfu said.

At the same time as the upgrading of animal husbandry consumption demand, the fluctuation of animal product prices is more concerned. In recent years, due to the rising cost of animal husbandry production, the decline of comparative benefits, and the increasing risk of epidemic diseases and market risks, the income fluctuation of livestock and poultry breeding has increased. Since 2009, the cost of farming has increased by nearly 40%, and many farmers have not increased their income.

International experience shows that countries with developed agriculture have developed animal husbandry. Today, animal husbandry in China has developed from a family sideline to a large industry. However, the development is still extensive, accounting for the proportion of agricultural output value is not high, the structure of grain and feed is unreasonable, and the proportion of planting and breeding is not coordinated. Han Changfu believes that China's per capita cultivated area is small, and the cultivation industry is more restricted by the scale of operation. Relatively speaking, animal husbandry is more capital-intensive, has more obvious advantages in technology intensification, is easier to break through in business scale, and can take the lead in realizing modernization in agriculture.

Standardization is the guarantee

It is estimated that China consumes 230 million kilograms of meat, 80 million kilograms of eggs and 100 million kilograms of milk every day. "With such a large amount of consumption, the most fundamental thing is to maintain the stock of basic female livestock and protect the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen in raising female livestock." Han Changfu said that since last year, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance have implemented subsidies for the expansion of beef cattle base dams, which have achieved good results. In the future, we should continue to improve and expand relevant policies.

With basic female livestock, we must rely on improved varieties and good methods. Breeding of improved breeds of livestock and poultry is related to the long-term development of animal husbandry. Experts believe that it is necessary to implement the genetic improvement plan of pigs, cows and other major livestock breeds, recite the four-character formula of "breeding and breeding", enlarge and strengthen the breeding system of improved breeds, and gradually reduce dependence on imported breeding livestock and poultry. To build modern animal husbandry, the contribution rate of animal husbandry science and technology progress should reach at least 70%, but only 55% at present.

Scattered farming by family is considered to be a drawback of traditional animal husbandry. How to promote the transformation from decentralized farming to large-scale farming? Han Changfu said that it is necessary to support the construction of a number of large-scale standardized livestock farms, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, improve quality and efficiency, and solve the problem of "how to raise". It is necessary to speed up the cultivation of new business entities, support large breeding households, family pastures, cooperatives, etc. in terms of project funds, financial insurance, technology promotion, etc., form a new business system with multiple entities, coordination and complementarity, and effectively solve the problem of "who will raise them".

In addition, the animal husbandry industry chain is long, livestock products from production to listing, involving breeding and marketing and other links, as well as feed, veterinary drugs and other supporting industries. In this regard, experts believe that the construction of modern animal husbandry, we should make comprehensive efforts in the aspects of forward extension, circulation processing, socialized services, etc., encourage enterprises to develop in depth to breeding, planting and processing, and create the whole industrial chain.

Goat milk is important.

Since the new century, China's beef and mutton consumption has increased rapidly, prices have risen for many years, and people have been nicknamed "Bull Demon King" and "Sheep Noble Concubine". Beef and mutton consumption has changed from ethnic minority consumption to national consumption, from seasonal consumption in autumn and winter to annual consumption. Experts judge that China has reached a new stage of vigorously developing herbivorous animal husbandry and increasing the supply of beef and mutton.

Wang Zhicai said that we should hold the female animals to expand the breeding of this "bull nose." Low levels of dam productivity are the main bottleneck, with an average cow producing less than one calf per year and an ewe producing up to two lambs per year. We should make good use of the basic female animal subsidy policy, support the expansion increment of female animals in moderate-scale farms and consolidate the production base in accordance with the method of "seeing calves and supplementing mothers". At the same time, we should cultivate the main force of breeding large counties. This year, the central government allocated 500 million yuan to implement incentive policies for 100 large counties in Inner Mongolia, Qinghai and other five provinces and regions to mobilize local enthusiasm for developing cattle and sheep production.

Dairy industry can reflect the modernization level of animal husbandry most. Han Changfu said that to revitalize China's dairy industry, we should do a good job of "three products", namely, variety improvement, quality improvement and brand creation; promote "four modernizations", namely, promote scale, intensification, standardization and industrialization; and comprehensively improve the quality and safety level of fresh milk.

After rectification and development in recent years, solid steps have been taken in the transformation and upgrading of the dairy industry, with more than 100 large-scale breeding accounting for more than 40%, and the qualified rate of fresh milk sampling has remained 100% for six consecutive years. "With a long-term perspective, we should vigorously promote the integrated operation of dairy industry." Han Changfu said that milk is fresh and perishable, and production and processing cannot be disconnected, which determines that the dairy industry should implement integrated management. "Our country is too big to organize dairy farmers into a dairy cooperative, but it can be organized in different regions. All localities should vigorously cultivate new dairy business entities, improve the interest linkage mechanism between dairy enterprises and dairy farmers, and continuously improve the degree of dairy organization."