Problems and Countermeasures in the Development of Facility Agriculture

Facility agriculture is an important practice form of modern intensive and efficient agriculture. Facility agriculture in China has made rapid development in recent years, but there are still some outstanding problems in practice, such as the lack of funds, most of the scale of facility agriculture is small, the scientific and cultural quality of farmers is low, and the ability of science and technology to serve facility agriculture is weak; without effective supervision over the whole process of production, it is difficult to guarantee product quality and safety. Due to the low degree of information asymmetry, organization and industrialization, the production arrangement of farmers has great blindness, increased market risk, and so on. To promote the healthy and rapid development of facility agriculture in China, efforts must be made to solve these problems.

I. increase support for facility agriculture

The practices and experiences of some countries in developing facility agriculture are worth using for reference. In Japan, farmers can get 50% of the subsidy from the state for building greenhouses or greenhouses, 30% for counties, cities, towns and villages, and only 20% for farmers to own all property rights. In order to encourage farmers to increase their investment in agriculture, the Japanese government provides support to farmers in the form of low-interest loans, whose interest rate is 1% lower than the market interest rate. Farmers can get a subsidy of about 50% of the total cost from the government when they purchase tractors, transplanters, seedling facilities, some irrigation, fertilization facilities, agricultural products processing, storage equipment, and so on. Such an industrial policy has greatly aroused the enthusiasm of farmers, and obvious changes have taken place in Japan's agricultural structure. The proportion of facility horticultural agriculture is as high as 40%, making it the largest agricultural industry in Japan. In order to break through the limitations of natural conditions, the Netherlands has implemented the strategy of using funds instead of land to develop efficient agriculture since the 1970s. In order to solve the financing difficulties encountered by farmers in the development of high-efficiency agriculture, especially facility agriculture, the Dutch government has established three systems: ⑴ farmer cooperative financial system. Its main form is "Farmer Cooperative Bank". ⑵ established an agricultural guarantee fund. The government has set up special agencies to provide services and guarantees to farmers who borrow money from banks. ⑶ sets up an agricultural security fund. These measures have not only led to the rapid development of greenhouse agriculture in the Netherlands, but also brought considerable economic benefits to the limited land. These experiences are worth using for reference.

It is necessary to take effective measures to increase support for facility agriculture. First, it is necessary to increase support for facility agriculture. With regard to the centralized and continuous construction of winter greenhouses or multi-span greenhouses, supporting construction of infrastructure facilities such as water, electricity and roads in key residential areas, new high-standard irrigation facilities for farmers, factory seedling breeding facilities, storage and transportation facilities, centralized vegetable waste disposal facilities, etc., subsidies will be given in different proportions according to different projects. Second, financial institutions should be encouraged to issue large loans to farmers or cooperatives with the right to contracted management of farmers' land as collateral, and to carry out insurance business against various risks that farmers may encounter in facility agriculture. Third, encourage the development of rural cooperative finance, improve the credit information system, and better serve agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Fourth, establish a farmer entrepreneurship development fund. We will discount loans to farmers and other business entities to build new winter greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses.

Second, actively promote the scale of facility agriculture

First, on the basis of full investigation and research, we should make good plans in line with local conditions, actively promote land circulation, change sporadic layout into piece-by-piece construction, introduce support policies to guide farmers to participate in facility agriculture, and help farmers solve infrastructure supporting problems such as water circuits, and actively and steadily promote the development of specialized villages and towns. Second, encourage the two rural committees and capable people in rural areas to take the lead in facility agriculture, organize scattered peasant households, set up professional cooperatives, and expand the scale of production and operation. Third, encourage urban capital to enter the field of facility agriculture and promote the large-scale operation of facility agriculture through the forms of "company + base" and "company + base + association + cooperative + peasant household".

III. Improving the ability of science and technology to serve agriculture in facilities

First, the agricultural sector should regularly provide professional and technical training to farmers engaged in facility agriculture, so that farmers can grasp the most advanced agricultural production technologies and operating rules in time, and at the same time strengthen on-site technical guidance to farmers. Second, agricultural scientific research institutions should strengthen the research, innovation and popularization of improved variety breeding, precision agriculture, efficient cultivation, healthy breeding and other technologies, so as to provide scientific and technological support for the development of facility agriculture. Third, promote factory seedling raising, and provide seedling subsidies to producers and operators of seedlings bred in industrial seedling centers. Fourth, according to the layout of the facility community, set up agricultural franchise stores. Agricultural law enforcement agencies at all levels should strengthen the supervision of agricultural stores to ensure that the supply of agricultural materials is safe, efficient and timely.

Carrying out standardized production to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and improve the competitiveness of products in the market

From a domestic point of view, national consumption has changed from "full" a few decades ago to "eat well" and "eat safely and healthily" now. From an international point of view, the developed countries in the world have put forward higher and higher technical requirements for imported agricultural products from other countries. If China's agricultural products want to win the domestic market and break through the "green barriers" in international trade, in order to successfully occupy the international market, we must always put the quality and safety of agricultural products in the first place. In the production of facility agriculture, in accordance with international standards, especially those of exporting countries, effective supervision should be carried out in the whole process in terms of the environment of producing areas, inputs, processing, storage, transportation, sales, and other links, and law enforcement should be strengthened. we will implement a strict system of market access and quality traceability of agricultural products. Enterprises, bases, cooperatives and farmers are encouraged to actively participate in the certification of "three products and one standard" of products, international certification related to the environment, and production management system certification, and strive to build famous and high-quality brands with international influence and increase the market share of products.

Fifth, establish a smooth sales channel to achieve a smooth flow of goods

First, for the facility agricultural communities built in various areas, special market analysis departments should be set up to timely and comprehensively understand the market supply and demand information of agricultural products at home and abroad, arrange production plans scientifically, and avoid production blindness as much as possible. Second, build large-scale professional wholesale markets in the producing areas of agricultural products. Third, make full use of the Internet and other emerging media to release product information in a timely manner, and gradually establish a product promotion and sales network covering both urban and rural areas and connecting the international market. Fourth, through effective docking with supermarkets, government enterprises and institutions, urban special consumer groups and other forms, part of the realization of fixed production by sales. Fifth, to expand the popularity and market competitiveness of products by holding agricultural festivals.