China's animal husbandry development into the fast lane bid farewell to the shortage of meat, eggs and milk era

From "eating meat and other festivals" to a seven-fold increase in meat per capita, from accounting for less than 15% of the total agricultural output value to "one-third of the world", from a rural household sideline to a national important industry, China's animal husbandry has entered the fast lane of development.

Bid farewell to the era of shortage of meat, eggs and milk

Animal husbandry is not only an important pillar industry of the agricultural and rural economy, but also a large industry that ensures supply, benefits the people's livelihood and promotes stability. Since the reform and opening up, the development of animal husbandry in China has stepped into the fast lane, which has completely reversed the situation of shortage of meat, eggs and milk. " Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu said at the national working conference on the construction of modern animal husbandry.

In 2014, the national meat output was 8707 tons, an increase of 9.2 times over 1978, and the per capita meat share increased from less than 9 kilograms to nearly 64 kilograms. The development of animal husbandry has made important contributions to improving the dietary nutrition of residents and ensuring national food security.

In addition, the great development of animal husbandry has also opened up new channels to increase farmers' employment and income. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, in 1978, the output value of animal husbandry in China was only 20.9 billion yuan, accounting for 15 percent of the total agricultural output value. In 2014, the output value of animal husbandry exceeded 2.9 trillion yuan, accounting for about 1/3 of the total agricultural output value. At present, the income directly engaged in livestock and poultry farming accounts for 1/6 of the cash income of family agricultural operation, and feed, livestock products processing and other related industries have absorbed a large number of rural labor force.

"Animal husbandry has developed from a household sideline to a large industry. With the arrival of agricultural modernization, China's animal husbandry will enter a new stage of modernization. " Han Changfu said.

Face the challenges of the industry

Although it has made great progress, it is restricted by many factors. At present, China's animal husbandry is facing four major challenges, such as the contradiction between supply and demand, the decline of breeding income, the extensive level of development and the prominence of ecological pressure.

With the growth of the total population, the improvement of income level and the promotion of urbanization, the consumption demand of meat, eggs and milk in China is increasing rigidly. It is estimated that China's per capita daily animal protein intake is 33 grams, which is higher than the world average, but far lower than that of developed countries, and the per capita amount of milk is less than 1/3 of the world average. At present, China consumes 230 million kilograms of meat, 80 million kilograms of eggs and 100 million kilograms of milk every day. On the one hand, the consumption demand for beef and mutton is rising rapidly, on the other hand, the production capacity is insufficient, and the contradiction between supply and demand is still prominent.

Li Shouyuan, senior pastor of Shandong Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, said that animal husbandry is the main channel for the majority of herdsmen to increase their employment and income, but in recent years, affected by the rising production costs of animal husbandry, the decline in comparative benefits, and the increasing risk of epidemic diseases and market risks, the fluctuation of livestock and poultry breeding income has increased. Since 2009, the cost of farming in China has increased by nearly 40%, and many farmers have increased their production without increasing their income. It is urgent to speed up the construction of modern animal husbandry and improve the development quality and efficiency of animal husbandry.

In addition, the development level of animal husbandry in China is still extensive, and the pressure of ecological environment in pastoral areas is becoming increasingly prominent. With the rapid development of animal husbandry, some areas show the trend of increasing pollution and ecological deterioration. Some agricultural areas discharge manure at random, resulting in non-point source pollution; some pastoral areas are overloaded and overgrazed, resulting in grassland degradation, desertification and alkalization. The ecological bottleneck constraint of livestock and poultry breeding industry is tightening day by day.

Promote the transformation of animal husbandry to modern times

Han Changfu said: in order to speed up the construction of animal husbandry production capacity, China will "expand and strengthen the breeding system of improved varieties, and gradually reduce its dependence on imported livestock and poultry." Efforts should be made to change the extensive way of raising livestock and poultry, and popularize and popularize advanced and applicable feeding and management techniques. In the future, we should strive to make major breakthroughs in independent innovation in the livestock and poultry breeding industry, standardized feeding and management, transformation and utilization of forage resources, and prevention and control of animal diseases. "

China will also speed up the development of large-scale breeding, promote the development of industrialization, strengthen standardized production and quality and safety supervision, and ensure the quality and safety of animal products. It is necessary to adhere to the combination of production and management and source control, implement the main responsibility for the quality and safety of animal products, improve the quality and safety traceability system, and realize that production records can be stored, product flows can be tracked, and storage and transportation information can be queried.

According to the deployment of the Ministry of Agriculture, China will also do a good job in the prevention and control of major animal diseases and the treatment and utilization of manure from livestock and poultry breeding, do a good job in basic work such as animal epidemic surveillance, epidemiological investigation, and compulsory immunization, and adhere to the scientific layout of livestock and poultry breeding. we will vigorously promote circular agriculture with a combination of planting and breeding.