Countermeasures for the Development of Ecological Agriculture in China to change the concept of Agricultural Development

Up to now, the construction area of eco-agriculture in China has reached 10 million hectares, accounting for about 12% of the country's arable land; eco-agriculture covers eco-agricultural households, eco-agricultural villages, eco-agricultural townships, eco-agricultural counties and even eco-agricultural provinces; the number of counties, townships and villages implementing eco-agricultural construction demonstration projects has reached more than 4000, covering 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

According to the characteristics of agricultural development, the level of socio-economic development and the status of resources, the existing eco-agricultural models in China can be divided into the following four types: (1) material multi-layer utilization model. In this model, the output of one link is the input of another, and the waste is used many times in the production process to realize the virtuous cycle of material and multi-stage utilization of energy. it can be subdivided into biogas utilization model, Cordyceps pest control model, industry chain extension and proliferation model. (2) the mode of biological symbiosis. This model can improve the utilization rate of resources and land productivity by placing complementary niche organisms in a biological community, making full use of solar energy, water, nutrients, accumulated temperature and other resources in a biological community. The purpose of achieving high yield, high quality, high efficiency and low consumption can be subdivided into mountain and hilly model, farmland plain model, water three-dimensional model and grassland three-dimensional model. (3) the mode of resource development and utilization and environmental governance. This model brings agricultural production activities into the ecological cycle chain, participates in the biological symbiosis and material cycle of the ecosystem, protects and improves the agricultural ecological environment and production conditions, and realizes the coordinated development of ecological, economic and social benefits. (4) sightseeing mode. On the basis of the local natural scenery, this model takes the industrialization development of agricultural high and new technology as the center, the processing of agricultural products as the breakthrough, the agricultural tourism service as the means, and the ecological agriculture construction and tourism as an organic whole. It can be divided into sightseeing agricultural garden model, agricultural park model and educational agricultural garden model.

The main countermeasures for the development of ecological agriculture in China are as follows: (1) to change the concept of agricultural development. The development of ecological agriculture is closely linked with the concept of agricultural development. Only the advanced concept of sustainable development can become the guiding ideology for the transformation from traditional agriculture to ecological agriculture. This requires farmers to change the traditional concept of "emphasizing agricultural output rather than ecological environment", forming an environment-friendly intensive management concept, the government and farmers to cooperate together, the government to change the idea of "only GDP", and at the same time to improve the quality of agricultural workers through the development of rural vocational education and professional and technical education.

(2) to improve the laws and regulations on ecological agriculture. Promulgate special laws on ecological agriculture such as the Law on the Promotion of Ecological Agriculture as soon as possible, formulate regulations on the Development of Ecological Agriculture and other relevant laws and regulations, and amend and improve the Agricultural Law, clarify the overall objectives, guiding ideology, development strategy and management system of China's ecological agriculture construction, and guide the formulation of specific policies on ecological agriculture. We also need to strengthen supervision and strengthen law enforcement.

(3) to promote the industrialization of ecological agriculture. In the process of developing ecological agriculture, we should actively promote the industrialization of ecological agriculture, give full play to the role of market mechanism as the leading role, and develop a variety of production types, business models and multi-level agricultural economic structure. we will build an effective combination of agriculture, industry and service industry, and form an integrated industrial system of production, addition and marketing.

(4) strengthen the organization and management of ecological agriculture. The key is to straighten out the relationship between the government, farmers, enterprises, scientific and technological entities, social organizations and other relevant stakeholders, and gradually form the government guidance, the active participation of scientific and technological entities and social organizations, farmers and enterprises actively build the eco-agricultural organization and management framework model.