The latest course on production techniques and methods of pollution-free Edible Fungi

Prevent the degradation of edible fungi

Preventing the degradation of bacteria can increase the yield, reduce the occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests and reduce the application of pesticides, which is the basis of the production of pollution-free edible fungi.

1. The ambient temperature of cultured bacteria should not exceed 28 ℃. In addition, the cultured bacteria should not be stored for more than half a month at room temperature.

2. Grasp the time and temperature of the culture medium to prevent the destruction of nutrients, and the pH should be suitable.

3. The medium should be changed frequently, and the raw materials such as peptone, wheat bran and potato should be used alternately.

4. The original seed should not be used up at once, but should be used in stages, and the rest should be preserved at low temperature to prevent excessive passage.

5. The fruiting bodies with large individuals, normal growth and strong disease-free insects should be selected for tissue separation once a year, and the good and bad should be selected to expand the inoculation growth.

Integrated control of diseases and insect pests

By strengthening the comprehensive management of the cultivation of edible fungi, creating an environment that adapts to the growth of edible fungi and is not conducive to the reproduction of diseases and insect pests is the key to the production of pollution-free edible fungi.

1. Do a good job in environmental hygiene: seed producers and operators must establish a normal cleaning and hygiene system, constantly remove dirt and disinfect them with chemicals. The mushroom room, appliances and all indoor equipment should be cleaned and disinfected frequently; in and out of the mushroom room, pay attention to the soles and clothes neatly, it is best to replace them in time.

2. The choice of disinfection methods: physical methods such as high pressure steam sterilization, atmospheric pressure intermittent sterilization, pasteurization and ultraviolet lamp sterilization are preferred. Chemical disinfection gives priority to the use of alkaline and phenolic drugs. Avoid using disinfectants such as heavy metal salts.

3. Deal with raw materials: edible fungus culture materials must avoid damp mildew or breeding pests; the storage of sawdust, forage, horse dung, etc., should be covered with plastic film or blankets to prevent rain or sundries; rice bran, wheat bran, cake and other molds should be stored airtight The culture material should be disinfected at high temperature or fermented. After the culture material is transported into the mushroom room, it should be fermented: the soil-covered material must be disinfected by steam or formalin.

4. Adjust the water consumption and pH: the water content of the culture medium should be appropriate. The acidity and alkalinity should be suitable and should be detected and adjusted at any time. Mushroom rooms should always be well ventilated, and the air relative humidity should not exceed 95%.

5. properly protect the culture medium: the material bottle out of the pot or sterilized medium should be protected to prevent secondary pollution; cover gauze or film, fumigation into the box and scrub with bromogeramine and other medicine to prevent pollution.

6. Strictly implement the vaccination operation rules: vaccination work is highly technical, be patient and meticulous, and avoid touching adhesive tape; for all utensils and containers, wash those that can be washed, and fumigate those that can be fumigated. Those who can wipe alcohol should be rubbed alcohol, those who can use alcohol lamp flame should be burned with flame; for a large number of cultivated species, two people can cooperate to inoculate, close the flame, one person holds the material bottle, one person is specially inoculated, and the cooperation is accurate.

7. Using artificial physical methods to control diseases and insect pests, such as using black light to trap and kill mushroom flies and mushroom mosquitoes, fully fermenting culture materials (60 ℃, 2 hours) to kill nematodes and mosquitoes, removing rotten parts and disinfecting them with lime water. Improve the environment, adjust the temperature (such as lowering the temperature to control walnut endophytes), humidity (such as reducing humidity to control Streptomyces), PH value (such as lowering pH to control white mold, etc.).

8. The use of highly toxic pesticides is strictly prohibited: do not use organic mercury or organophosphorus preparations and pesticides that remain for a long time, are not easy to decompose and have irritating odor. Priority is given to the use of botanical pesticides such as pyrethrum, fish vines, tobacco extracts and microbial pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana.

Spraying non-polluting mushroom fertilizer

1. Spraying peptone and yeast extract solution spraying mushroom noodles with 0.1% peptone and 0.3% yeast extract solution can thicken the mushroom body and promote the turn of tide, and the effect is the best at 14: 16 ℃ at room temperature.

2. Spray rotten human faeces and urine: boil human feces and urine for 20 minutes, spray 10 times with water, or fresh horse urine and cow urine, when there is no foam, spray with water 7 times and 10 times. If there is a small mushroom at the mouth of the mushroom bed, you can spray it with clean water again after spraying.

3. Spraying rice vinegar: in the middle and later stages of mushroom growth, mushroom noodles are sprayed with 300 times edible rice vinegar, once a day 1-3 days before harvest, generally increasing production by 6%, and the color is whiter.

4. Spraying culture material leaching solution: fermenting rotten dry material 5 kg, adding boiled water 50 kg soaking, cooling and slag spraying can prolong the peak period of mushroom production and make the fruiting body thicker.

5. Spray mushroom foot water: cut 2.5 kg washed mushroom foot and add 15 kg of water, boil for 15 minutes, take clear liquid and spray 20 kg of water, which can prolong the peak period and thicken the fruiting body.

6. Spray soy milk water: soybeans 1 kg, grind soy milk with water 75g 100kg, spray mushroom noodles with filtrate, and then spray with clean water for 1 time.

7. Spray glucose and calcium carbonate solution: prepare a solution containing 1% glucose and 0.5% calcium carbonate and spray it at less than 18 ℃. It can promote the growth of mycelium.