The latest course on efficient planting techniques and methods of celery in winter

Celery is a new type of health vegetable, which is very popular because of its good taste and high nutritional value. The main cultivation methods are open field cultivation in spring, summer and autumn, protected cultivation in autumn and winter and so on. In order to obtain high quality, high yield and high efficiency in the cultivation of celery in autumn and winter, we should first select good varieties and cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age, secondly, we should adopt cultivation models and management measures matched with excellent varieties, and third, we should look at the timely harvest in the market.

Variety selection

Western celery should choose varieties with larger plant, thick petiole, strong growth potential, good stress resistance, less fiber and good quality, such as Ventura, Italian winter celery, FS celery 3, Shengli celery and so on. This celery is cultivated in China, the plant is slightly smaller, the petiole is slender, but the flavor is strong, it is suitable to choose Jinnan celery, Baimiao celery, Weifang green seedling celery and so on.

Raising seedlings

All localities should arrange the time of raising seedlings according to the time of celery supply to the market and the arrangement of the next crop. In general, celery is sown and raised seedlings from the first ten days of June to the first ten days of July, and from late June to late July. The seedlings of celery were 65-75 days old and 55-65 days old from late August to late September. The seedling period of celery in autumn and winter is in the high temperature and rainy season, which is not conducive to seed germination and seedling growth. If improper management measures are taken, there will be difficulties in seedling emergence, low seedling emergence rate, long seedling stage, poor seedling quality and so on. The key to seedling management is to create cool and humid environmental conditions to prevent drought, flooding, overgrowth, dead seedlings and so on.

Celery seeds were released from dormancy by ① low temperature treatment. If the temperature was higher than 25 ℃, the seeds would be difficult to germinate, and the seeds could only germinate smoothly under 15 ℃. Therefore, the seeds must be treated with low temperature when sowing in summer. After soaking for 12 hours, the seeds can be placed in a refrigerator for 10 ℃ and treated with low temperature for 7 to 8 days before sowing.

② border shading sowing chooses sandy loam soil with higher topography and good drainage and irrigation conditions as seedling bed, which is about 10m long and 1.2m 1.5m wide. After sieving the rotten organic fertilizer, spread it evenly to the border surface, turn it into the soil, make the dung and soil mix evenly, then level the bed surface, pour water thoroughly, mix the treated seeds and fine sand evenly, spread evenly on the bed surface, and then cover the sifted fine soil 2~3mm thick. Planting 667 square meters of celery requires 50 square meters of high quality seeds and 30 square meters of seedbed. After sowing, set up a frame with bamboo poles and other things on the seedbed, and put some branches or shading nets on the shelves to prevent strong light exposure and torrential rain, so as to facilitate seedling emergence and prevent seedlings from overgrowing.

The topsoil of the seedling bed should be kept moist all the time after ③ watering and sowing. When the seeds were topped on the soil for 8 days, water was sprinkled once to make the seedlings unearthed smoothly, and the seedlings could be completed in 8 days and 10 days. The seedlings should not have too much water in the seedling stage if they were watered once again in the second and third leaves, so as to prevent the seedlings from overgrowing and sudden collapse.

④ should apply strong seedling fertilizer and timely control weed seedlings with 3 or 4 leaves, apply available nitrogen fertilizer once with water, and then apply fertilizer according to the situation. Summer high temperature should pay attention to foliar spraying calcium fertilizer to prevent the occurrence of heart rot. Celery emerges slowly, grows slowly, and is not competitive with weeds, so it is easy to be "eaten" by weeds. Weeds should be pulled out immediately or herbicides should be used reasonably.

⑤ graded seedlings because celery is very easy to die in summer, after finishing the seedlings, the seedlings will grow together and become too thick. When the leaves were 2, the distance between the seedlings was about 1~1.5cm, and when the leaves were 4, the distance between the seedlings was 3~5cm. The roots can be watered with a small amount of water after each seedling.

⑥ was planted in time from late August to late September, when the seedling height was 10: 15 cm and 5: 6 leaves.

Colonization

After the harvest of the previous crop, about 5.000kg/667 square meters of mature organic fertilizer was applied, turned deeply into 25~30cm, and then ploughed and leveled to form a flat bed with a width of 1m to 1.5m, which was planted in cloudy or cloudy days. It is advisable to leave the root 4~6cm long when the seedling is raised, and the big and small seedlings should be graded and planted. If the planting depth is too deep or too shallow, celery is prone to slow seedling, low survival rate, slow growth after survival and so on. The dry soil should be watered once after planting, but the current should be slow to prevent the seedlings from being washed. The wet planting method which has been tried and popularized in recent years is more simple and convenient. After finishing the bed, the wet planting method is to pour water first, line the border with a rake made according to the width of the row, and plant the celery seedlings in the wet mud across the line according to the plant spacing. Wet planting has the advantages of fast planting, slow seedling and good root, which is better than traditional dry soil planting. Determine the plant spacing and row spacing, depending on the variety, generally 12cm × 15cm, planting 28000 ~ 33000 plants per 667m2, properly close planting; celery large seedlings 20cm × 30cm, medium seedlings 20cm × 25cm, small seedlings 20cm × 20cm, 10 ~ 15000 plants per 667m2 to ensure sparse planting, in order to achieve the purpose of high quality and high efficiency.

Management after planting

After planting, in order to promote slow seedling, it is necessary to keep the soil moist and water twice in 7 days. After slowing down the seedlings, ploughing should be carried out in time to promote the growth of new roots and leaves. The first ploughing should be meticulous, try to get rid of weeds and break the topsoil, but do not hurt the seedlings. After ploughing twice, the new leaves start to grow, and urea 10kg fertilizer can be applied once. After celery grows in mid-October, the weather will be gradually cool, fertilizer and water should be attacked together, 667 square meters of 15~20kg urea can be recovered every 15 days and 20 days, and dilute manure water can be recovered twice in the middle. If you enter the greenhouse cultivation in late October, you should buckle the greenhouse in time to keep warm, add a small arched shed in the greenhouse in the middle and late December, and cover the outside of the greenhouse with grass. Do a good job of heat preservation and anti-freezing.

Pest control

Autumn celery is prone to spot blight. The disease can be treated with 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, or 70% mancozeb 500 times, or 50% carbendazim 500 times, sprayed once every 7-10 days at the initial stage of the disease to control 2-3 times. Attention should be paid to the use of avermectin to control the damage of leaf miner before covering the greenhouse after planting. Celery varieties are prone to heart rot at seedling stage, so foliar calcium fertilizer should be sprayed for 2 or 3 times.

Harvest

Harvest in time, not too late, otherwise nutrients are easily transported to the roots, resulting in a decline in yield and quality. All crops planted in the greenhouse should be harvested 10 days before the Spring Festival or before the next crop is planted. The general output is 667 square meters 7500~10000kg.