The latest Flammulina velutipes cultivation techniques tutorial

Flammulina velutipes not only cover slippery, crisp handle, fresh taste, but also very rich in nutrition. According to the analysis of Shanghai Food Industry Research Institute, 100 grams of dried mushrooms contain 13.9-16.2 grams of protein, 1.7-1.8 grams of fat, 60.2-62.2 grams of carbohydrates, 320-322 kilocalories of calories, 6.3-7.4 grams of crude fiber, 3.6-3.9 grams of ash, 61.76 mg of calcium, 280-343 mg of phosphorus, 0.16 mg of thiamine, 159 mg of riboflavin and 23.4 mg of nicotinic acid. 100g fresh mushroom contains protein 2.72g, fat 0.13g, carbon hydrate 5.45g, crude fiber 1.77g, ash 0.83g, iron 0.022mg, calcium 0.097mg, phosphorus 1.48mg, sodium 0.20mg, magnesium 0.31mg, potassium 3.7mg, thiamine 0.29mg, riboflavin 0.21mg, ascorbic acid 2.27mg. It contains 18 kinds of amino acids, of which eight kinds of amino acids necessary for human body account for 44.5% of the total amino acids, which is higher than that of ordinary mushrooms, especially lysine and arginine. 1.024 g and 1.231 g respectively. Lysine and arginine can promote memory and develop intelligence. They are essential foods for child health care and intelligence development.

Growth Conditions of Flammulina velutipes

The growth of Flammulina velutipes needs certain conditions, among which the main ones are nutrition, moisture, temperature, light, air and pH value.

1. Nutritional conditions

Flammulina velutipes is saprotic bacteria, can not carry out photosynthesis, life activities required nutrients, can only rely on mycelium from saprotic substrate intake.

① Carbon source: Flammulina velutipes can use a variety of monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and ethanol and other non-carbohydrate compounds as carbon sources. Flammulina velutipes can use cellulose and lignin in wood as carbon source. But its ability to decompose wood is weak, if mixed sawdust is used as cultivation material, it is better to accumulate fermented and old sawdust. There are many materials needed for the growth of Flammulina velutipes. In addition to sawdust, cottonseed hull and other agricultural and forestry waste resources are good cultivation materials.

(2) Nitrogen source: Flammulina velutipes needs more nitrogen than Lentinus edodes, nitrogen nutrition in culture medium has great influence on mycelium growth and fruit body development of Flammulina velutipes.

③ Inorganic salts: The growth of Flammulina velutipes requires a certain amount of inorganic salts, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium sulfate, iron sulfate, magnesium sulfate, etc. Flammulina velutipes obtains phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium and other elements from these inorganic salts, among which phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are more important.

2. Water

Flammulina velutipes and other mushrooms, all physiological activities, including nutrient absorption, transportation, mycelium proliferation, fruiting body development and growth must be carried out under certain water conditions, too low or too high moisture content of the culture medium will affect the growth of Flammulina velutipes. Flammulina velutipes is a hygrophilous mushroom with strong drought tolerance. Mycelia grow well in medium with 60-65% water content. In the prophase of hypha growth, the humidity of the culture room should be controlled at about 70%. When the humidity of the culture room is too high, it is easy to cause miscellaneous bacteria pollution. The relative humidity of raw air of fruit body should be controlled between 85-95%.

3. Temperature

Temperature is an important factor affecting the growth of Flammulina velutipes. Temperature plays a very important role in the formation, development and quality of mycelium growth fruiting body of Flammulina velutipes. The temperature requirements for mycelium growth and fruiting body growth are different. Flammulina velutipes mycelium can grow in the range of 4-32℃. Growth stops below 3℃ and above 34℃. The growth speed increases gradually when the temperature is above 8℃. 22-26℃ was the optimum temperature for mycelium growth. The optimum temperature for fruiting body growth was 12-15℃. At 10℃ and 15℃, it takes only 13 days to form fruiting bodies.

4. Light

Flammulina velutipes has different light requirements at different growth stages. The hyphae did not need light at the stage of growth, and grew normally in complete darkness. Fruit body growth has obvious phototropism, only mushroom stalk grows in complete darkness, no cap grows, this characteristic can be used to control the length of Flammulina velutipes in cultivation practice. Light has great influence on the quality of Flammulina velutipes. Under bright conditions, the mushroom color is dark, brown, and the base of the mushroom stalk is more fluffy; under dark conditions, the mushroom color is lighter, the cap and mushroom stalk are milky white or light yellow, and the cap is small, and the stalk is long. This characteristic can be used to control the mushroom color and produce Flammulina velutipes with high economic value.

5, air

Flammulina velutipes is an aerobic fungus. Fresh air is needed for fruit body growth and development. The growth of the cap is sensitive to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air. When the carbon dioxide content in the air exceeds 1%, it will inhibit the development of the cap; when the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.06-4.9%, the diameter of the cap decreases with the increase of carbon dioxide concentration.

6. pH

Mycelia of Flammulina velutipes can grow in the range of PH 3-8.4. The optimum pH range for mycelium growth is 4-7, and the mycelium grows fastest at pH 6. The optimum pH for fruiting body growth is 4.5-7, and the optimum pH is 5.

Main equipment for cultivation

The main equipment needed for Flammulina velutipes cultivation are atmospheric sterilization oven, inoculation box, inoculation room, strain culture rack, cultivation rack and culture room. Among them, the sterilization stove, inoculation box and inoculation room are the same as the usual cultivation of edible fungi, which will not be repeated here. The following focuses on the introduction of strain culture rack, cultivation rack and cultivation room, which are different from other edible fungi cultivation.

1. Culture rack and cultivation rack

Flammulina velutipes hyphae propagation use, the culture rack and other strains of the same rack, as long as the bacteria can be placed-seed bottles, cultivation bags can be. The cultivation frame for fruit body growth should be slightly higher, generally 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 2.1 meters high, divided into 5-6 layers, each layer 45 cm high. The material of the frame is best to use steel as a support, but also bamboo chips and battens. But with bamboo material frame to paint white paint. After painting the cultivation frame, not only less miscellaneous bacteria, but also longer service life. Cultivation beds can also be built to cultivate, cultivation beds 120-130 cm wide, about 45 cm high, 5-6 layers, depending on the length of the cultivation room to determine.

2. Incubation room

According to the characteristics of different growth stages of Flammulina velutipes on temperature and humidity, two kinds of culture rooms should be built, one is the culture room for mycelium growth, the other is the culture room for daughter growth, also known as the cultivation room. The culture chamber of fruit body is divided into bud induction chamber and growth chamber where conditions permit.

① Mycelium culture room: It is required to provide conditions suitable for the growth of Flammulina velutipes hyphae. That is, the temperature should be kept at 20-23℃ and the relative humidity should be 70%. If it is specialized production, it is better to build a culture room with a wall, and fill the wall with heat insulation materials such as chaff, sawdust or foam plastic board. After the culture chamber is closed and kept warm, the C02 discharged by hypha respiration is easy to accumulate too much, so it is necessary to build exhaust window.

② Bud room: It is required to have conditions such as temperature of 13-14℃, humidity of 80-90%, darkness, etc. To meet this requirement, air conditioning equipment and humidification equipment are required, and suction and exhaust holes are provided. The suction holes are arranged at the foot of the wall, one every one meter, and the exhaust holes are arranged at the top of the wall, one every two meters.

③ Cultivation room: There are also sub-divisions of the growth room into an inhibition room and a growth room. Cultivation room should have the temperature conditions to make Flammulina velutipes grow neatly, fruiting, round and whole bunch. The fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes were grown at 10℃, and the temperature of the cultivation rooms for annual production should be adjusted by air conditioning equipment.

culture medium preparation

Based on the nutrients required for the growth of Flammulina velutipes, the formula of the compound culture medium used is as follows:

1. sawdust 40%, wheat straw powder 28%, bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%.

2. Weed powder 28%, sawdust 40%, bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%.