The latest course of cucumber cultivation techniques and methods

Cucumber, also known as cucumber and cucumber, belongs to cucurbitaceae plants, widely distributed in all parts of China, and is one of the main greenhouse products. Cucumber stems are covered with hair, rich in juice, and the appearance of leaves has 3-5 lobes and fluff. Cucumber peel is originally turquoise, put for a long time will gradually turn yellow, also known as old cucumber.

Morphological characteristics

The root of cucumber is mainly concentrated in 0-30 cm, and the depth of the main root can reach 1 meter. Strong gas, cold resistance, weak ability to absorb fertilizer, shallow cultivation, suitable for fertile and loose soil. The root cambium is shallow, easy to aging, the seedling stage occurs quickly, the seedling time should not be too long, planting should protect the root system. The stem thickness, color and thorn hardness of cucumber are important indicators of plant growth and yield. Generally, the stem diameter is 0.6-1.2 cm and the Internode 5-9 cm.

The nutrients stored and produced by cotyledons are the main source of nutrition in the early stage of seedlings, and cotyledons are also an important sign to judge the growth environment of cucumbers. Cotyledons should be kept intact during cultivation. True leaves are large, thin, with large transpiration and tend to wilt when they are short of water. Monoecious and monoecious, with single-row fruiting characteristics. The flower bud differentiation of cucumber begins when the first true leaf appears, the growth point differentiation has differentiated to 12 nodes when the first true leaf unfolds, and all the leaf axils in 9 nodes have flower bud differentiation, but the sex type is undetermined. When the second true leaf unfolds, the flower bud differentiation has reached 12-16 nodes, and the 3-5 node sex type has been determined. When the seventh true leaf unfolds, the 26th flower bud has already differentiated, and the flower bud type within 16 nodes has been determined. Therefore, at the end of the seedling stage, whether each node in the middle and lower part of the plant is female or male has been decided. The number of female and male flowers is directly related to the environmental conditions. The suitable temperature during the day and the appropriate reduction of night temperature are beneficial to the formation of female flowers. When the first true leaf unfolds, the second true leaf is not yet unfolded, and the night temperature is 12-14 ℃. When the second true leaf expands, it can drop to 10-12 ℃, which is beneficial to the formation of female melon. When there are 1-5 true leaves, 8 hours of light a day is beneficial to the formation of female flowers, and the number of female flowers decreases in more than 12 hours. High water content is beneficial to the formation of female flowers, but too high is easy to grow, which is disadvantageous to the formation of female flowers. One-time application of nitrogen and phosphorus was disadvantageous to the formation of female flowers, and more female flowers were used by stages, for example, the female-to-male ratio of one-time application was 1 / 91, and that of three-time application was 1:65. Timely use of ethephon or Zenggualing can reduce male flowers, while silver nitrate treatment can reduce female flowers.

Birth cycle

1. Germination period: from sowing to the appearance of the first true leaf, generally 5-7 days, the growth at this stage is small, the speed is slow, and high temperature and humidity and sufficient light are needed to promote early emergence, neat emergence and prevent overgrowth.

2. Seedling stage: it usually takes about 30 days from the first true leaf to the 4th-5th true leaf. At this stage, flower bud differentiation begins, but the growth center is still root, stem, leaf and other vegetative organs. The management goal is to promote the combination of control and cultivate strong seedlings.

3. Early flowering stage (spreading stage): it takes about 20 days to expand from the 4th to 5th true leaves to the first female melon. At this time, vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out at the same time, and the growth center is gradually transformed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.

4. Melon setting period: from the first female to pulling seedlings, the duration varies with different cultivation methods. At this stage, the growth rate of plants slowed down, focusing on the development of fruit and flower buds. Adequate water and fertilizer should be provided to promote melon bearing and prevent premature senility.