The latest video on pepper planting

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a spice and oil tree species with a long history of cultivation and wide distribution in China. It has the characteristics of fast growth, early fruit, large income, wide use, simple cultivation and management, strong adaptability, developed root system, and ability to conserve soil and water. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an important food seasoning raw material, and the pericarp is rich in aromatic oil. Pepper oil has astringent taste, and the seed oil content is 2530%. Pericarp and seeds can be used as medicine, and the development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a broad market prospect.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a deciduous shrub with a height of 3m. It has fragrance of fruit, branch, leaf and dry. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is warm-loving and needs higher temperature during its growth and development. Zanthoxylum bungeanum has strong adaptability to soil, especially deep, fertile and moist sandy loam. It does not have strict requirements on soil acidity and alkalinity, grows well in neutral or acidic soil, grows better in mountain calcareous soil, has strong light preference, grows in shade, has poor fruiting, strong sprouting ability, strong resistance to strength pruning and long hidden bud life.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum grows fast and bears early, annual seedlings can be as high as 1 meter, blossom and hang fruit 2 years after planting, a large number of fruits are produced in 3 years, delayed 15-20 years, life span is 30-40 years, and can sprout and renew after aging.

Planting conditions and requirements

Pepper woodland should choose the lower part of the hillside sunny slope or semi-sunny slope, the soil to loose, well-drained sandy loam is the best, can also be planted sporadically. In the hilltop or low-lying places prone to waterlogging and heavy clay should not be planted, careful soil preparation should be carried out before afforestation, and the hillside should be prepared in a strip with a bandwidth of 1 meter, with a belt spacing of 2 meters, and a cut-off Weir should be built every 5 meters to prevent erosion.

It is better to plant pepper seedlings in winter and spring, and it is better to plant in winter before and after "the Beginning of Winter". Spring planting should be filled with wet soil in the hole when the bud sprouts, and should be watered when there are conditions. Pepper requires a flat bottom when transplanting, deep digging and shallow planting, re-application of base fertilizer, fertile soil to fill the nest, do not beat. Pepper afforestation row spacing of 2 meters, plant spacing of 1.5 meters, nest depth, length and width of 0.5 meters, 222 plants per mu. In addition, hedgerows planted with prickly ash around nurseries, orchards, institutions, schools and parks can prevent livestock damage, beautify the environment and gain benefits.

Weeding and loosening the soil should be done twice in the year of afforestation, and irrigation should be carried out in time in case of drought. Can also be interplanted beans, green manure crops, combined with interplanting crops to nurture young forests, pepper fruiting, every year to loosen soil, weeding, fertilization, to prevent diseases and insect pests.

Shaping and pruning

Shaping is one of the main techniques to obtain high yield and high quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Reasonable shaping and pruning can make the skeleton firm, hierarchical, strong branches, reasonable coordination, sufficient light and good ventilation, which can not only increase the yield, but also prolong the tree age. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is mainly characterized by light, strong branches, good fruit setting, due to many branches, nutrients are too scattered, fruit branch growth is weak, fruiting ability is weakened, and the ear becomes small and light. There are too many branches, dense crowns and poor light in the inner chamber, resulting in the death of the twigs. Only through pruning to solve the contradiction between growth and development and nutritional conditions, to achieve the goal of high yield year after year.

1. Pruning time: from harvest to the beginning of spring sprouting in the second year, the season of picking pepper is the best.

2. Tree shape: generally adopt three kinds of natural happy shape, cluster shape and round head shape. Natural happy shape culture method: leave a side branch at 30 cm after planting, complete plastic surgery in 4-5 years, and finally remove the central branch and cut it open. The cluster culture method is to cut off the trunk after planting, and extract more branches from the root neck or 2rel branches planted in a hole, all of which grow naturally after survival. The round head shape has an obvious trunk, and there are more main branches and dense tree-shaped branchlets on the trunk.

3. Pruning method: Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a good response to pruning, and the corresponding pruning method is adopted according to different growth stages.

① young trees: grasp the principle of equal emphasis on shaping and fruit, the first year after planting requires a high degree of pruning from the ground, and in the second year, before germination, remove the branches at the base of the trunk 30ml 50cm, and evenly retain 7 main branches for short, the rest of the branches should not be truncated, sparse dense branches, competitive branches, weak branches, disease and insect branches, long and strong branches.

② fruiting tree: remove extra big branches, mainly sparse branches in the crown, remove disease and insect branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, dense branches and overgrown branches, so as to create good conditions for ventilation and light penetration in the crown.

③ senile branches: mainly thinning, drawing big branches, removing weak branches, leaving big buds, timely updating and rejuvenating fruiting branches group, getting old and raising small, thinning weak and staying strong, selecting strong branches and strong buds to restore tree momentum.

Disease prevention and cure

1. Aphids: harm to young shoots, buds, flowers, etc., sprayed with 1500 times of dimethoate emulsion.

2. Prickly ash longicorn beetles: harm the branches and stems, cut off the branches and tips of insect pests, hook the larvae with iron wire or inject insecticide into the insect mouth of the trunk.

3. Yellow Phoenix butterfly: the larvae feed on tender leaves and are sprayed with 1000 times of trichlorfon or 50% marathon emulsion.

4. Black beetle: 200 times 40% dimethoate emulsion to water the root.

5. Chrysoptera: trichlorfon was sprayed and killed with 500ml 600 times liquid.