The latest course of efficient cultivation techniques of Dictyophora

Dictyophora japonica, known as "the flower of fungi" and "the king of Beijing fruit", was used as tribute in ancient times for imperial meals in the palace. It is now a famous dish in senior banquets such as state banquets in China. Dictyophora is rich in protein, amino acids (8 kinds of amino acids essential for human body are complete), vitamins and polysaccharides, delicious taste, and has antiseptic effects. In medicine, it has the functions of weight loss, health care and tonic, and can prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, Dictyophora japonica is a kind of valuable health food and traditional Chinese high-yield foreign exchange commodities.

Preparation of raw materials for cultivation

1. Cultivated material type

The main raw materials for cultivating Dictyophora indusiata are rotten bamboo, waste bamboo pieces, bamboo leaves and cabbage round soil in decomposed or semi-decomposed state under bamboo round; sawdust, bagasse and wheat husk; where conditions permit, agricultural and sideline straws such as corn stalk, wheat stalk and polai stalk can also be mixed with bamboo materials. The trees can be cultivated as logs.

2. Cultivation material treatment

Before cultivation, the raw materials are spread out in the sun for 3-4 days, and the bamboo pieces with the width of 1-2cm can be cut into 11 - 22cm (the bamboo pieces below 1m can be cut into outdoor forest cultivation). Then soak it in 1-3% lime water for 5-6 days, pick it up and wash it with clean water, and let it dry slightly for later use. After bamboo leaves and soil are turned over for 3-4 days, they are disinfected with 1 -1.5% formalin and 0.3-0.5% dichlorvos mixture. 27-30 liters of mixed disinfectant is used for each cubic meter of bamboo leaves or soil, and the mixture is stirred while spraying. mixing the medicinal materials thoroughly and evenly, covering with a thin film, soil for 4-5 days, bamboo leaves for 1-3 days, removing the film, spreading, volatilizing for 1 - 2 days, and making the medicinal materials available for use. Cover soil for forest cultivation may not be disinfected.

Disinfection of mushroom houses and cultivation containers

Mushroom can be used for general mushroom cultivation mushroom room. Bed frame can be iron, plastic or bamboo bed frame. Plastic boxes, wooden boxes, flower pots, etc. can also be used for box planting and pot planting. Before cultivation, clean the mushroom room thoroughly and spray the room with 0.5% trichlorfon solution plus 0.1% carbendazim or 0.5% bleaching powder solution. Inside, the bedstead is wiped with 5% lime water or 5% bleach. Then use formalin fumigation to close the window door for a day and night, and then open the mushroom house for a week before use. Cultivation box, bowl with clean water, then use 0.5 Ta potassium permanganate solution to wipe its internal and external surfaces, standby.

Cultivation techniques of Dictyophora japonica

1. Block cultivation

The method comprises digging out cultivated Dictyophora indusifolia from bottles or bags, pressing into fungus blocks, and covering soil for cultivation. The characteristics are early and concentrated, so the cultivation period is also short, but with a large number of seeds.

(1)Dig the bottle and press the block. In Chengdu area, the time for digging bottles and pressing blocks can be in April and May of the first half of the year. The newly overgrown cultivated species of Dictyophora japonica. Digging out from the bottle (bag), using a wooden frame (specification 40×40×12cm, that is, the same as the wooden frame for pressing mushrooms. Scrub with 5% lime water or 5‰ potassium permanganate solution before use.) Make cultivation blocks with slightly thinner sides than the middle, each with about 12 bottles of seed. Be careful not to press too hard to avoid damaging the mycelium too much.

(2)Mycelia healed. After pressing and forming, remove the wooden frame, cover 1 piece of sterilized dry newspaper, put the bacteria block on the sterilized film, wrap it well, put it on the bed frame with a distance of 4-5cm, keep moisture and culture for about 15-20 days, and then the mycelium will heal again.

(3)Cover with soil. After the hyphae heal, cover 1 - 2cm thick bamboo leaves on the fungus block, continue to culture for 5 - 10 days, when the hyphae cover more than 80% of the leaf layer, cover the soil 2-4cm thick in time.

(4)Management. The optimum conditions for the growth and development of Dictyophora indusiata were met mainly by adjusting the moisture content of substrate, overburden, temperature, air temperature, ventilation and illumination conditions in mushroom house, so as to achieve high and stable yield. Generally, under the conditions of air relative temperature 80%, air temperature 16-20℃ and light 3-105Lux after soil covering, about 1-2 months (the earliest about 24 days), buds appear after flowering.

Water management. The water content of overburden soil should be controlled at 20 - 30%. If the soil moisture content is too large, the hyphae will crawl on the surface of the soil due to excessive growth, and the surface will differentiate into primordia in the soil, and the number of buds will be small, and the purpose of high yield will not be achieved. The relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is maintained at about 80%. The relative air temperature in the bud growth stage is increased to 85-90%. Otherwise, the air volume is too low, and the soil moisture is easily lost; if the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause miscellaneous bacteria to reproduce, especially slime molds. Watering should be upward nozzle, to avoid damage to the bud.

Temperature control. In case of high temperature, reduce the temperature by opening the doors and windows to avoid hot mushroom buds; in case of low temperature, close the doors and windows tightly, and install heating devices if conditions permit to increase the temperature of the mushroom room to prevent freezing and dead mushroom buds.

③ Ventilation. Open the doors and windows 2-3 times a day, ventilate for 10-20 minutes each time, so that fresh air can enter the mushroom room for the growth and development of sunsu.

④ Control of miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests. Prevention should be the focus of this work. If it has been found that there are myxomycetes (grass germinal net bacteria) and coprinus miscellaneous bacteria on the mushroom bed, it should be removed in time, and a layer of dry lime powder should be sprinkled around it to control its spread. If mushroom flies, wax, bewitching brain and nematodes are found, dichlorvos should be sprayed to eliminate them, but care should be taken not to harm mushroom buds. Mushroom to install screens, screen doors, to prevent mice into the mushroom room, harm bamboo shoots.

2. Direct seeding bed cultivation

It refers to the cultivation method of spreading the treated bamboo material on the mushroom bed, sowing and covering the soil. It has the characteristics of large fruiting area, full utilization of mushroom rack for large-area cultivation, more effective utilization rate of mushroom house than pot cultivation, but longer cultivation cycle than pressing block.

(1)Blanking and seeding. Bed frame on the first spread a large sterile plastic film, at the bottom of the film Zhang on a few small holes to facilitate excess moisture outflow. Then loading and unloading materials, sowing, filling a layer of materials and sowing a layer of seeds, and sowing three layers of strains in total. Try to make the seed block sandwiched between bamboo blocks, seed materials closely attached, the top layer covered with a thin layer of bamboo leaves. Each square meter uses 20 kilograms of materials by weight, and 3-4 bottles of seeds are used. After sowing, watering, covering with plastic film, moisturizing culture.

(2)Cover. When the bacterial colony revives and grows, and the bacterial thread basically overgrows the material surface, the soil is covered in time, and the thickness of the covering soil layer is 2-4cm.

(3)Management. It is the same as the management method of block cultivation method.

3, direct seeding box (bowl) planting

A method of planting seeds directly by using containers such as plastic revolving boxes, wooden boxes and flower pots. When planting in box, plastic film shall be laid at the bottom of the box first, and small holes for water shall be reserved, then small pebbles with thickness of 2-3cm shall be laid on the bottom layer, vegetable garden soil with thickness of 2cm shall be laid on the pebbles, and seeds shall be laid on the soil layer. The method for sowing filler shall be the same as that for direct bed planting. If the size of the box is 15×31×14 cubic centimeters, it can be paved with 4 kg dry weight, and 2 bottles/box. The pot can be planted without film. The measures of water control and temperature regulation in cultivation management are the same as those in compact cultivation.