A pragmatic solution to the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas

Promoting the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries is a major deployment made by this year's Central Rural Work Conference and a highlight of Document No.1 of the Central Committee. As this deployment has just been put forward, the understanding of all aspects of society is still in the preliminary, scattered and immature stage on the whole. To thoroughly implement the spirit of the Central Committee, it is urgent to deepen understanding with a scientific and pragmatic attitude and make necessary answers to some important theoretical and practical issues.

Deeply understand the background significance of the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries

(I) Promoting the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries is the fundamental choice for the transformation and development of agriculture and rural areas under the new normal. In recent years, China's agricultural and rural development has shown a new acceleration, agricultural and rural economic development has emerged a rare good situation in history. However, it must also be noted that the foundation for sustainable agricultural and rural development is still very weak: first, from the perspective of agricultural resources, not only is the spatial potential limited, but also some problems such as long-term overdraft of soil fertility, continuous decline in quality, excessive heavy metals and excessive groundwater exploitation in some main producing areas have become increasingly serious threats to agricultural stability; Second, from the perspective of farmers 'income, family management is affected by factors such as cost rise and price ceiling, the increase of farmers' migrant workers and wage income slows down obviously, and the total amount of transfer income is small and small, so it faces great challenges to continue to maintain rapid growth; Third, from the perspective of rural society, the long-term large-scale migration of agricultural labor force to cities not only leads to serious loss of rural talents and other resources, but also causes increasingly serious social problems. Promoting the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries is conducive to promoting more and closer integration of modern elements such as management, technology, capital and talents of industry and service industry into agriculture and improving the level of agricultural development; expanding the scale and employment capacity of rural industries and expanding the space for farmers to increase employment income; gathering rural popularity and improving rural personnel structure, and promoting rural social prosperity and stability.

(II) Promoting the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries is an inevitable requirement to comply with the new trend of industrial development at home and abroad. From an international perspective, today, industrial integration has increasingly become an unstoppable trend in the development of industrial economy worldwide. Domestically, under the new requirements of the new normal, China's industrial structure is undergoing in-depth optimization and adjustment, and the pace of industrial development in line with international standards and cross-industry and cross-field integration and development has accelerated unprecedentedly. As far as the primary industry is concerned, although China's agriculture has accelerated its pace of integration with the secondary and tertiary industries in recent years, it is still in its infancy on the whole. Due to insufficient industrial integration, it is not only seriously lacking in competitiveness in production links, but also facing huge challenges in processing links. In order to adapt to the situation and meet the challenges, it is urgent to promote the integration of agriculture and other industries and enhance the competitiveness of its own industry through the development of momentum.

(III) Promoting the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries has an important policy theory and practical basis. First, in terms of policy requirements, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee has repeatedly stressed the need to promote the integrated development of relevant industries and fields. Second, in terms of theoretical background, the discussion of industrial integration abroad began as early as 1970s when digital technology led to the intersection of industries, while the domestic research on industrial integration lagged behind the west for about 20 years. However, in recent years, the theory of industrial integration has attracted the attention of scholars on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and special research results on promoting modern agricultural development from the perspective of industrial integration have begun to appear. Third, in terms of practical foundation, there have been many successful cases of industrial integration and development at home and abroad, and there have also been some explorations and accumulations in the integration of domestic agriculture and secondary and tertiary industries, laying a certain foundation for further integration.

Theoretical Discussion on the Integration and Development of Rural Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries

First, avoid falling into the trap of simply applying economic theory. Promoting the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries is a brand-new topic. Scholars at home and abroad have rarely involved in it before. It is necessary to pay attention to the application of some economic principles in research, but we should pay attention to discarding them with a scientific dialectical attitude to prevent simple application and committing the mistakes of book worship.

Second, we should avoid falling into the trap of mechanically copying international experience. China's per capita cultivated area is only 40% of the world average level, farmers per household management cultivated area is less than 10 mu, only equivalent to 140 of the EU, 1/400 of the United States, even with China's national conditions similar to Japan and South Korea, the average household management scale is 2~3 times of ours, while China's agricultural employment population is 140 times and 300 times of the United States, Japan and South Korea. These unique national conditions and agricultural conditions further illustrate that it is also difficult for us to copy the so-called international experience in promoting the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. At present, due to the lack of special discussion and practice on the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries abroad, when it comes to drawing lessons from international experience, relevant parties pay attention to the "six industrialization" that began at the end of the 20th century in Japan. Indeed, the Japanese government has issued a series of policies to implement the development strategy of "six industrialization", extending and integrating agricultural production into the secondary and tertiary industries, effectively improving the quality of life of farmers, adjusting the agricultural industrial structure and promoting sustainable development. However, it should also be noted that Japan's agriculture is not an international success model. Its full-time farms account for only 14%, and on average, there is less than one labor force on a farm. The vast majority of farmers are part-time farmers, and their production efficiency is low. Its "six industrialization" is actually a helpless move by the government to deal with these problems. Therefore, when we learn from Japan's experience, we also need to base ourselves on reality, take some and give up, and never blindly follow suit.

Third, avoid falling into the trap of too mechanically closed conceptual definitions. It has been a long time since the theory of industrial integration has been discussed at home and abroad, but there is no unified concept so far, so we can not commit academic impatience. The integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries is essentially a dynamic and open system. If we must give a very clear definition of the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, it is better to deal with it flexibly from the point of view of development according to time and events, and should not be too serious.

Strive to find a road of integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries with Chinese characteristics

(1) it is necessary to make it clear that the basic point of integration is agriculture. To promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, we must emphasize and always insist on taking agriculture as the starting point, promoting the sustained and stable development of agriculture and increasing farmers' employment and income as the fundamental starting point and foothold. If we put the basic point of the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas on other aspects other than agriculture, it may eventually promote the development of agriculture and rural areas, but it may also infringe upon the interests of agriculture and farmers. Agriculture is a vulnerable industry, and farmers are vulnerable groups. Only when the basic point of the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas is clearly placed on agriculture from the very beginning, and agriculture and farmers are always placed in a prominent position, the direction of integration is not easy to have a big deviation.

(2) to make it clear that the key to integration lies in the agricultural product processing industry. In addition to agriculture, among the various forms of industry related to the secondary and tertiary industries, there are many that can play a positive role in the integration and development of the primary and secondary industries in rural areas, such as science and technology, information, market and other service industries, as well as industrial enterprises, but in the face of many options, we need to give prominence to the key points and give priority to grasping the most important aspects. In the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, agricultural products processing industry not only has certain capital conditions, but also has natural advantages that other industries do not have. On the one hand, the agricultural products processing industry itself is connected with the production of processing raw materials and the market sale of processed products, and is not only in a convenient position of postponement and extension in the integration and development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas. and it has the endogenous driving force for the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. On the other hand, most agricultural products processing enterprises have been employed for a long time, and they not only have deep feelings for agriculture, but also have professional talent and technology accumulation, so it is easier to be handy in supporting agricultural development. Coupled with the large scale of the processing industry, the main business income in 2014 has exceeded 18 trillion yuan, and the added value of the processing industry has accounted for about 20% of the national total GDP. It has become an important department, has a great impact on the development of rural and even the national industrial economy, and has the strength to integrate the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas. These situations show that it is necessary to position the agricultural product processing industry as the most critical and important format to promote the integration and development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas. In addition, leisure agriculture has developed by leaps and bounds in recent years, and the market space is very broad. It is also an important format to promote the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas.

(3) it is necessary to make it clear that the main body of integration is in the new management system. Proceeding from the reality of our country, to promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, we should not only arouse the enthusiasm of the broad masses of traditional farmers, but also play the role of a new type of agricultural management body. At present, China has 400000 agricultural products processing enterprises of various sizes and 120000 leading agricultural industrialization enterprises at all levels, including 10, 000 at the provincial level, 1245 at the national level, and about 1 million specialized farmers' cooperatives. These new agricultural operators practice the concepts and requirements of the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas in different fields, and should stimulate their greater vitality and promote them to play a greater role in the process of integrated development in the future.

(4) it is necessary to clarify the joint role of the protection of integration in the hands of the market and the government. To promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, it is important to give full play to the role of the market mechanism and the main body of the market. However, while playing a decisive role in the market, we should also give better play to the role of the government. First, it is necessary to strengthen planning and guidance. Especially under the circumstances that the understanding of all parties is not yet unified and the work of various places is not clear, it is especially necessary to unify thinking, raise awareness, and clarify principles, directions, objectives, tasks, and measures through planning and other guidance documents. Second, we should strengthen demonstration and guidance. To promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, the situation varies widely in different regions and different industries and fields. through summary, it is found that a number of advanced models of integrated development should be established, and publicity and promotion should be strengthened. it is necessary to promote the role of demonstration and leadership from point to face. Third, we should strengthen policy incentives. We will study and formulate targeted policies to give appropriate rewards to areas and operators that have done a good job in the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas in the form of financial rewards and subsidies, tax concessions, financial support, notification and commendation, and so on. we will promote the formation of a good atmosphere for striving for, learning, and catching up with the advanced, and build a long-term mechanism for promoting the integration and development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas.