The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Cherry Tomato

Cherry tomato is a thermophilic vegetable. The temperature required for its growth and development is higher than that of ordinary tomato. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25-30℃, the optimum temperature for growth is 20-25℃, and the optimum temperature for fruit growth is 15-25℃. Likes light, insufficient light, serious flower and fruit drop; requires less water in the early stage and more in the late stage; has strong adaptability to soil, performs best on sandy loam, likes potassium fertilizer, and at the same time, in order to prevent the occurrence of umbilical rot, calcium fertilizer should be appropriately applied. Cherry tomato yield is relatively low, 600-1500 kg per mu, but the sales price is higher. The main varieties are saint, Ling ball, cherry red and so on.

cultivation time

Cherry tomatoes grow in seasons similar to those of ordinary tomatoes. Open field cultivation, spring sowing can be in February protected seedlings, late April after the final frost planting, June mid-late harvest period. Autumn sowing can be in July seedlings, planting in August, October began to harvest. Protected cultivation can be appropriately early or late cultivation.

seedbed preparation

The seedling bed should be selected on the plot where Solanaceae vegetables have not been planted. 40-50% decomposed organic fertilizer should be mixed into fertile farmland. 1kg calcium superphosphate and 5- 10kg plant ash should be mixed into each square of nutrient soil. After mixing, sieving and spreading dry seedling bed. Early spring nursery seedbed should be set up in the greenhouse, the temperature is too low should be laid electric hot line; summer nursery seedbed should be set up in a cool, ventilated place. Summer rain more, nursery bed to have rain shelter facilities, bed end to have drains.

Tomato seed treatment before sowing

If tomato planting wants to increase yield and income, seeds must be treated before sowing. Cherry tomato diseases are mostly transmitted by seeds, so seeds should be disinfected before sowing. In order to prevent virus diseases, trisodium phosphate is often used for disinfection in production. The method is as follows: wet the seeds with clean water, wrap them with gauze, soak them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15-20 minutes, take out the seed package, wrap them with warm towel and put them at 28℃ for germination. During germination, the seeds are washed once a day, about 3-4 days, and can be sown when 1/2 of the seeds are white.

seedling management

Early spring seedling should pay attention to heat preservation, seedling bed temperature control before emergence at 25-30℃. Summer seedling should be rain proof, cooling. When most of the seeds emerge, they should be cooled in time, and the temperature should be controlled at 20℃ during the day and 12-15℃ at night. When the seedlings grow two true leaves, they will be seedlings.

seedling separation

Early spring temperature gradually higher, sub-seedbed generally do not need to lay the hot line. Early spring seedlings should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day, using the method of dark water planting, first ditching, then watering, after the water seeps, placing seedlings and burying soil. No muddy water can be seen on the surface after burial. Plant spacing 10×10 cm. In summer, the seedlings are divided in the evening or cloudy day, and the method is the same as that of early spring. Plant spacing 10×10 cm. Irrigation after planting, shade the ridge, and remove the mulch after slow seedling. The temperature of seedbed is 25-28℃ in the daytime and 15-18℃ in the evening before seedling retardation, and 20-25℃ in the daytime and 13-15℃ in the evening after seedling retardation. Do not water early spring, summer sub-seedlings often watered. The seedlings were planted when they reached 8 true leaves.

colonization

First soil preparation, combined with deep ploughing, apply decomposed organic fertilizer 5000 kg, N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 20 kg, calcium superphosphate 20 kg per mu. After the flat land to do 150 cm wide flat ridge (if the early spring buckle film is 10 cm high, ridge surface width 50-60 cm small high ridge). 3 rows of planting per flat ridge and 1 row of planting per small high ridge. Plant spacing 20-30 cm, planting 4500-6000 plants per mu. The mulching film should be laid on the whole ridge first, and then the planting holes should be drilled according to the plant spacing, and the planting depth should be 1 cm from the cotyledon to the ground.

field management

1) Water. Water enough planting water, to the first inflorescence flowering and fruit setting do not need to water again. If planting irrigation less, can be in the border ditch irrigation small water, choose sunny morning. After the first ear flower sets fruit irrigates the first big water, the fruiting period needs the water quantity to be big, irrigates every 5-6 days the water, the request sees dry sees wet. Reduce watering during harvest period to crack fruit.

2. Topdressing. After the first ear of flowers and fruits are set, 10 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer shall be applied per mu in combination with watering, and 10 kg of compound fertilizer shall be applied per mu when the first ear of fruits turns color to promote fruit development. After that, topdressing shall be applied once every two ears of fruits, and the topdressing amount shall be 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

3. Temperature management. The temperature of protected cultivation is higher than that of ordinary tomatoes, requiring more than 10℃ at night, 20-25℃ during the day, and no higher than 35℃.

4. Pruning. Cherry tomato plants tall, erect poor, when the plant grows to 50 cm when the rack to prevent lodging. Lateral branch growth force is strong, undertake double trunk pruning commonly, leave 2 strong branches first, other erase. Generally do not hit the top, when the lower part of the old leaves yellow timely removal to reduce nutrient consumption.

5. Thinning flowers and preserving fruits. Low early spring temperature when poor pollination easy to drop flowers, available 2, 4-D smear just opened calyx and flower stalk (only 1 smear). Cherry tomatoes bear more fruits per ear, select 20-30 fruits with good fruit setting, and remove the rest.

recovery

Harvest at full maturity, retaining sepals and a stalk at harvest.

pest control

Common diseases are early blight, late blight, virus disease, gray mold and so on. Control method: 3-4 years rotation with non-solanaceous crops. At the beginning of the disease, 70% mancozeb 500 times solution and 75% chlorothalonil 600 times solution were sprayed once every 7-10 days for 4-5 times. Aphids are the main pests, which can be controlled by 800-1000 times of 20% fenvalerate EC and 2000-3000 times of 50% aphid-repellent fog.