The latest course of efficient cultivation techniques of Toona sinensis

Toona sinensis, also known as Toona sinensis bud, Toona sinensis, Toona sinensis, etc., the root has two layers of skin, also known as Toona sinensis white skin, native to China, distributed in a wide range of areas in the north and south of the Yangtze River, for neem family, deciduous trees, dioecious, leaves are even pinnate compound leaves, panicles, bisexual flowers white, fruit is an oval capsule, winglike seeds, seeds can be propagated. The tree is tall, which is not only for the consumption of Toona sinensis buds, but also the preferred tree species for landscaping. Chunya is rich in nutrition and has the role of dietotherapy, mainly for the treatment of exogenous wind-cold, rheumatism, stomachache, dysentery and so on. Toona sinensis is a tall tree native to China. People have been in the habit of eating Toona sinensis for a long time, and the Han Dynasty spread all over the country.

Propagation technique of Toona sinensis

There are seed seedling, stem cuttage, root cuttage and root tiller propagation.

1. Seed breeding. The seed of Toona sinensis is small, the seed coat is hard, and it has long wings with membrane. direct seeding is not easy to absorb water and it is difficult to germinate. in order to obtain neat seedling emergence, seed germination treatment should be carried out before sowing. The method is:

Soak the seeds in warm water with ①. In the first ten days of March, the seeds were soaked in warm water for one day and night with 30: 40 ℃. After absorbing enough water, the seeds were removed and placed in buns and germinated at the temperature of 20: 25 ℃. The seeds were watered once in the morning and evening and turned evenly, and the seeds could be sown when the seeds were more than 50% white.

Sprouting by ②. Mix the seeds and river sand at 1:2 and sprinkle them with clean water properly. The humidity should be controlled in a ball by hand, and it is appropriate to let go. Put the seeds mixed with sand together in the shape of steamed bread, pour a little water every day, and turn them evenly from time to time. When the seeds are 70% white, they can be sown.

2. Stem cutting. From autumn defoliation to April to May of the following year, 1-2-year-old branches were selected and cut into 20cm cuttings. According to the row spacing of 25 × 15 cm, they were inserted into the whole seedbed.

3. Root cuttings. When transplanting and planting, cut off the overlong main and lateral roots of the plant and cut them into 15~20cm segments. In the whole seedling bed, the roots were planted horizontally in the ditch with a row spacing of 25 cm and a depth of about 7 cm. The roots were planted in the trench with a spacing of 10 cm, and when the seedlings were compacted and watered, the tillers were removed in time, and attention should be paid to mid-ploughing and weeding.

4. Root tiller propagation. The root of Toona sinensis has many adventitious buds. In the natural environment, some young seedlings often sprout around the crown, which can be excavated and transplanted to cultivate new plants. But the natural sprouting is limited, so artificial root cutting and tillering can be used for propagation. The method: after thawing in early spring, before sprouting, there is an outer edge of the crown, dig a ditch of 50 cm to 60 cm, cut off the root end slightly, and fill the ditch with soil, which can stimulate the root tip to form a large number of tillering seedlings, germinate new plants, and can be transplanted the next year.

5. Prepare the seedbed. Choose the sandy loam with flat terrain, fertile soil and good drainage as the seedbed, apply 4000 kg of organic fertilizer, spread it evenly, make it fine and flat, make the bed 1.2m wide, and the deep ditch has high soil moisture. Seed sowing, open a shallow trench 5 cm according to row spacing 20 cm, pour enough bottom water in the ditch, after infiltration, spread the budding seeds evenly in the ditch, dry seed 1.5-2 kg per mu, cover soil 2-3 cm, and then cover the border with plastic film, cover it strictly and compact, in order to improve the ground temperature and emergence early.

6. Seedling stage management

After sowing and emergence of ① seeds, take off the plastic film immediately in the evening, gently water once, and pay attention to keep the border surface moist.

② timely interseedling, uniform seedling, remove overdense and mixed seedlings, weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, keep plant spacing 3cm, combined with pulling out field weeds, topdressing diammonium phosphate 10kg per mu, watering once, loosening the soil shallowly, be careful not to hurt the root.

Seedlings between ③ were transplanted. From late May to early June, the seedlings have 4-6 true leaves, and when they are 8-10 cm high, in order to improve the light and soil nutrition conditions of the seedlings, the seedlings should be transplanted with a distance of 10-15 cm, and grasp the principle of keeping strong and weak, strong and thin. The border surface was watered thoroughly one day before the seedlings, so that the roots of the seedlings were extracted as little as possible. the strong seedlings were transplanted to the whole seedling bed in time according to the row spacing of 25 × 15 cm, and the roots were watered to promote the living trees.

After transplanting living trees and cutting and propagating into young plants, ④ should apply fertilizer and water in time, cut weeds in the middle tillage and promote the growth of seedlings. In the later stage, measures such as coring, spraying paclobutrazol or fertilizer and water management were used to control plant height, adjust plant shape, increase nutrient storage of seedlings and promote the formation of full terminal buds.

Toona sinensis planting

It can be planted after falling leaves to before sprouting in the early spring of the following year. Before planting, 4000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer is applied in each mu of field, spread evenly and turned deeply, and the border width is 2 to 2.5 meters. According to the row spacing of 60 ~ 70 × 15 ~ 20 cm (dwarfing and dense planting), there are 6000000 plants per mu, up to more than 10,000 plants. After planting, pour enough water to fix the roots in time to promote the living trees.

Field management

1. Fertilizer and water

After planting live trees, fertilizer and water should be applied in time, combined with intermediate ploughing and weeding to promote the rapid growth of seedlings.

2. Disease and pest control

The pests of Toona sinensis, such as Toona sinensis, Dendrolimus punctatus, Monochamus alternatus, etc., can be sprayed with 800x trichlorfon solution in larval stage and 1500 times dimethoate in adult stage. The diseases include leaf rust and powdery mildew, which can be controlled by 500 times trimethoprim. Clean the countryside in winter and reduce the overwintering base of diseases and insect pests.

3. Pruning

After the harvest of Toona sinensis buds in spring every year, from mid-June to early July, the trunk was pruned (beheaded) at a height of 20 cm above the ground to promote the lateral buds to germinate into new branches. From late July to early August, according to the strength of the new branch growth, the strong growth can be topped in advance, on the contrary, the topping can be postponed, combined with fertilizer and water management to promote the formation of full terminal buds. Toona sinensis bud growth period is short, should eat early, eat fresh, eat tender, there is a proverb "Toona sinensis buds as tender as silk before rain, as wood buds after rain". The harvest standard is purple-red bud with a length of 10 cm and 15 cm. When harvesting, the top buds should be picked first and then the lateral buds. If the terminal buds are not harvested, the lower lateral buds will be difficult to grow or grow poorly. When picking buds, gently pick the petiole by hand, tie it into small bundles of 100g to 200g, seal it with plastic bags to prevent water loss and wilt, and improve the quality of the market. The buds can be harvested 3 times and 4 times a year, with a yield of 400 kg and 500 kg.

Protective measures of Toona sinensis overwintering

The overwintering cultivation of Toona sinensis in a plastic greenhouse was used to protect the overwintering cultivation of Toona sinensis. After falling leaves in autumn, the transplanted Toona sinensis plants were dug out with 1 bundle for every 50 plants, poured mud on the roots and planted in the shade. The method: in the middle and last ten days of November, a ditch with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 50 cm was dug behind the house, and the bundled plants were tilted and erected in the ditch, and the roots were filled with soil and watered once to penetrate to the bottom of the ditch, and then kept moist, and passed through the dormancy period after a low temperature of about 15 days. Then planted in the prepared greenhouse (row, plant spacing same as above). The temperature in the shed was kept at 18: 24 ℃ during the day and 12: 14 ℃ at night. After 40-50 days, the first batch of Toona sinensis buds could be harvested and put on the market. In protected cultivation, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened to increase the yield of Toona sinensis.

Processing, curing and storage

After being processed and pickled, the buds can be stored for a long time and transported at any time. The method is simple and easy. Clean fresh buds with water, add 20 kilograms of salt every 100 kilograms after cooling and drying, one layer of buds, one layer of salt, less salt in the lower layer and more in the upper layer. Turn the cylinder after 4 hours, then turn the cylinder for the second time after 5 hours, turn it back and forth for a total of 5 times, marinate after about 20 days, remove and cool for 1 day, add a small amount of rice vinegar to increase gloss and brittleness, and then dry it to 5 hours, tie it into small handfuls every 100 grams, place it in a small jar, arrange it tightly, seal and store for 2 years.