The latest cultivation conditions of Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula grows on the rotten wood of more than 120 kinds of broad-leaved trees, such as oak, poplar, banyan and locust. It can also be cultivated artificially with broad-leaved trees and sawdust; growth requires astigmatism, moisture and warmth.

Cultivation conditions of Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula is a saprophytic mesophilic fungus. The mycelium can grow between 6-36 ℃, but 22-32 ℃ is the most suitable; 15-27 ℃ can differentiate into entities, but 20-24 ℃ is the most suitable. Lushi County of Henan Province is because of the good natural environment to create Lushi Auricularia auricula as its geographical protection products. The hyphae can grow in cultivation materials and segments with a water content of 60% to 70%. When the fruiting body is formed, the water content of the earwood is more than 70%, and the air relative humidity is 90% and 95%. The hyphae can grow normally in the dark, and the light intensity of 250~1000lx is needed during the fruiting body growth period. PH5~5.6 is the most suitable for aerobic fungi.

Cultivation raw materials of Auricularia auricula

There are many cultivation methods of Auricularia auricula, such as section wood cultivation and plastic bag substitute cultivation, which are mainly introduced here.

1. Section wood cultivation

The artificial cultivation of Auricularia auricula originated in China around AD 600, and it is the first cultivated edible fungus variety in the world, which has a history of more than 1400 years. In the Tang Dynasty, the mountain people in Daba Mountain, Micang Mountain and Longmen Mountain in northern Sichuan used the method of "log cutting flowers" to grow black fungus. This primitive planting method lasted for thousands of years. In the Qing Dynasty, Changbai Mountain in Northeast China and Funiu Mountain in Henan Province also began to plant Auricularia auricula, felling down deciduous trees in winter and relying on the natural spread and breeding of Auricularia auricula spores. Rely on the sky to harvest the ear, the output is very low.

In 1955, Chinese scientific and technological workers began to cultivate solid pure strains of Auricularia auricula and invented the method of wood drilling and inoculation, which greatly increased the yield of Auricularia auricula. However, after completing a cycle in two or three years, the absolute yield is still not high. Each piece of high-quality wood with a length of 1 meter and a diameter of 10 to 13 centimeters produces only 100 to 150 grams of Auricularia auricula in 3 years, and its production is often reduced due to natural disasters. So far, this method has only been used by a very small number of ear farmers in forest areas.

2. Planting in plastic bags

This technology has changed the history of relying on wood to produce Auricularia auricula and made the cultivation of Auricularia auricula from forest to field. Auricularia auricula planted in plastic bags with sawdust and straw as raw materials, filled with 0.5 kg dry material in each bag, was placed in the field and under the orchard forest after sterilization, inoculation and sterilization. The technology of planting Auricularia auricula in plastic bags has greatly broadened the cultivation raw materials and cultivation area of Auricularia auricula, greatly shortened the production cycle, returned to nature, and realized natural and pollution-free products, which is more conducive to large-scale, mechanized and standardized production. Broad prospects for development.

Auricularia auricula planted in plastic bags was successfully invented by the Institute of Edible Fungi in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province. In 1994, it was listed as "National key Popularization Plan for Scientific and technological achievements" and "Poverty Alleviation Program for the Seven years". In the same year, it won two national invention patents, and in 2000 it was awarded as "Top Ten excellent Scientific and technological achievements in the National Edible Mushroom Industry". In 2006, it was rewarded and supported by the World Bank, the Poverty Alleviation and Development Group of the State Council and the Ministry of Civil Affairs. With the way of "originating from nature and returning to nature", planting Auricularia auricula in plastic bags conforms to the living habits of "cold, hot, dry, wet and wet", with high cultivation success rate, high yield and quality, and has become the mainstream of Auricularia auricula cultivation.