The latest course of garlic planting techniques and methods

Garlic was introduced into China from the Western regions in the Qin and Han dynasties. After artificial cultivation and breeding, garlic has the effect of anti-cancer and is loved by the public. Garlic has strong growth, strong cold tolerance, high bolting rate, storage resistance, and is suitable for planting in autumn. the planting techniques of garlic are introduced as follows.

Growth habit

Garlic is a string-shaped whisker root; the ability to absorb water and fertilizer is weak, and the bulb grows and expands in the soil, so garlic should be cultivated in fields with loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matter. Although garlic has great adaptability, it is better to use sandy loam. Because the sandy loam soil is loose, suitable for root development, turn green early, bolting early, garlic is big and spicy, and it is easy to start garlic.

1. Temperature: like cold and cool, the suitable temperature is-5-26 ℃. Garlic seedlings have the strongest cold tolerance at 4-5 leaf stage, which is the most suitable for overwintering Miaoling.

2.Illumination: the garlic that finished the spring flower began to differentiate the flower bud and scale bud under the condition of more than 13 hours of long sunshine and higher temperature, and was only suitable for stem and leaf growth in the short-day and cool environment.

3. Moisture: like dampness and fear drought

4. Soil and nutrition: the requirement of soil is not strict, but the fertile loam which is rich in organic matter, loose and permeable, strong water retention and drainage is more suitable.

Planting preparation

Plots growing garlic should be ploughed and dried immediately after the previous crop is harvested, and the land should be prepared before sowing. Base fertilizer should be applied before ploughing. Garlic because of its long growth period, high population density and large amount of fertilizer, the general application of high-quality organic fertilizer such as manure, manure, barnyard manure and so on 50008000kg; and with 20kg 30kg phosphorus and potash fertilizer. Organic fertilizer should be fully mature, if raw fertilizer is used, garlic root will be burned during fermentation, and it will also cause underground insect pests, especially the serious occurrence of maggots.

1. Land preparation. Ploughing depth is generally about 20cm, to fine ploughing, raking flat, raking solid, there is no obvious bumpy, to achieve "neat, loose, broken, clean". According to the water source, the length of the border can be 80-100m long and 4.2-4.4m wide, and that of 40m-50m long and 4.2-4.4m wide.

2. Seed selection. Peel and break the peel manually, remove the trays and stem plates of garlic, and grade them according to large, medium, small and garlic hearts. according to the specific conditions, the seed selection requirements of small garlic cloves are pure white without red tendons, no scars, no saccharification and no bare skin. The principle requires that each grain weighs about 5g. Seed size is the key to high yield.

3. sow seeds at the right time. Garlic should be sown at the right time. The planting time is at the end of Bailu and the beginning of the Autumn Equinox (late September and early October), and the temperature is about 17 ℃. The garlic cloves should be dried for 1-2 days before sowing.

4. Reasonable close planting. General row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 16~17cm, about 20 000 plants per 667m2. The method is to use a rake or trench opener to open the ditch, the ditch depth is about 5cm, cover the soil above the garlic about 1cm after planting, and remember to water when planting.

Field management

1. Irrigation

The water demand of garlic is relatively large, and it generally needs to be watered 4 times during the whole growing period.

① mulching water: garlic should be watered in time after sowing, fully watered thoroughly, one plant does not leak, watering 100m3 per 667m2. The water not only meets the needs of garlic planting, but also provides convenience for covering plastic film.

② strong seedling water: generally watered around the first ten days of April or when the ground temperature is above 15 ℃.

③ moss water: the garlic moss is watered as soon as it comes out of the tip.

④ inflated water: pour this water after pulling out the garlic moss.

2. Plastic film mulching. Plastic film mulching is the key to increase the yield of garlic, which can increase the ground temperature, decompose organic matter quickly, reduce water evaporation, and meet the environmental demand of garlic. After pouring the film coating water, the ground is still slightly sunken, and the film is covered with a film mulching machine or manual method. Either way, the plastic film should be tightened and pressed firmly on both sides to prevent it from being lifted when there is a strong wind in autumn and winter.

3. Release seedlings. Garlic sprouts just broke the soil, punctured the plastic film in time, so that the seedlings are exposed outside the film, generally in the morning or evening, the temperature is low, the plastic film elasticity is small, tap the plastic film with a new broom or light with bamboo rake.

4. Artificial weeding. During the growing period of garlic, the temperature is relatively low, and the harm of weeds is mainly after the Spring Festival. The method is to use thick iron bar or 8mm steel bar to break the "7" shaped trench and break the plastic film to eradicate the grass seedlings.

5. Pull out garlic moss. It is the best time to pull out the garlic moss when the upper bend of the garlic moss begins to bend upward from the bottom. The method is to carry it gently by hand from 11:00 to 3 p.m. Every day.

6. Fertilization

The principle of fertilization for green food garlic is mainly organic fertilizer, with a small amount of chemical fertilizer as the formula, with base fertilizer as the main fertilizer and topdressing as the auxiliary.

① base manure: in late September, high quality farm manure (fully mature barnyard manure, compost, cake manure) 5000kg, urea 20kg, potassium sulfate 10kg are applied every 667m2. It is required to spread evenly, and then turn the cultivated land deeply.

② topdressing: in the first ten days of April of the second year, combined with watering strong seedlings, urea 10kg, an available fertilizer, was applied every 667m2. In the middle of April, every 667m2 was sprayed with 0.5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate dissolved in 50kg water.