The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Chinese Yam

Chinese yam is a plant of the genus Dioscorea in Dioscorea zingiberensis, one of the four major yam (Huai yam, Achyranthes bidentata, Radix Rehmanniae, Huai chrysanthemum), produced in ancient Huaiqing (now Jiaozuo City, Henan Province), and is also known as Ma Yam in Hebei and other places. Chinese yam is a perennial herb, stem trailing, often purplish, root cylindrical, leaves opposite, ovate or oval, flowers milky white, dioecious. The root tuber contains starch and protein and is edible. Production: Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Yunnan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shandong and other places. On the banks of Sihe River, Taiping Town, Shandong Province, the output of yam is small, but the quality is very high, and it has a long history. It was a tribute in Qing Dynasty. It can cook porridge with Qiongzhen Ganoderma lucidum. It can be stewed with spareribs and can lower blood sugar. It is an ideal food for diabetic patients.

Soil preparation and trenching

Chinese yam is a shallow root crop with a long growing period and one crop a year. It is generally planted in the field when the ground temperature reaches 10 ℃ in spring. The cultivation of yam should choose sandy loam or light loam with high dry terrain, good drainage, deep soil layer and soft loam, which requires the same soil quality and the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral. It is not suitable for continuous cropping of yam. Generally, yam should be rotated once every 2-3 years.

When digging cultivation ditches, it is generally about 1 meter apart, 0.6-1.0 meters deep and 25 centimeters wide. When digging ditches, the topsoil and the subsoil are stacked separately so that the soil can be fully weathered. After the soil is thawed in spring, the lower soil is first filled into the ditch, and then the topsoil is filled so that the soil layer is not disturbed. Combined with the general soil filling, 1000 Mu of miscellaneous fertilizer will be applied to 1500kg, phosphate fertilizer 50kg-70kg, ammonium bicarbonate 25kg-30kg, potassium sulfate 25kg-30kg. Do not apply a large amount of immature organic fertilizer to prevent root burning and tuber bifurcation.

Seed block treatment

The hard root head at the top of the disease-free block was selected 20-25 days before planting, and one end of the root was dipped in hydrated lime powder, and then exposed to the sun for a few days to sterilize and promote germination. In order to increase the reproduction coefficient, the root tuber must be cut off and propagated. That is, select a thinner root with a length of about 1m and a transverse diameter of 2.4-4.5cm, cut it into several small segments with a length of 15-20cm, and write down the upper and lower ends with a brush, then dip each section in lime and dry the seeds in the sun horizontally until there are fine cracks at the end of the section. Handle gently during the sowing period to prevent bruising. At the same time, we should do a good job in preventing wind, rain and frost.

Chinese yam planting

After the yam cultivation ditch is filled with soil fertilizer, the ditch is made into a flat bed about 1 meter wide. When planting, open a planting ditch about 10 cm deep in the middle of the flat bed, and then water it. When the water seeps down, the yam plant will be spread in a single row according to the plant spacing of 15 cm to 20 cm into the ditch, planting-4000 plants per mu. Cover soil 8cm, then cover with plastic film to preserve soil moisture, increase soil temperature and promote seedling emergence. The use of "yam beans" to breed yam seeds can be planted in two rows in a row to improve the reproduction coefficient, with a row spacing of 40 cm to 50 cm and a plant spacing of about 10 cm. Plant about 12000 plants per mu.