The latest course of Purple Potato planting techniques and methods

Purple potato prefers warm climate. The suitable temperature for stem and leaf growth is 18-25 ℃, and stops growing when the temperature is below 15 ℃. The optimum soil temperature for root tuber growth was 22 ~ 24 ℃, and stopped expanding when the ground temperature was lower than 20 ℃. Purple sweet potato is a short-day crop, which needs sufficient light and high intensity. The suitable soil moisture during the growth period of purple sweet potato is 60%-80% of the maximum field capacity.

Variety selection

Purple sweet potato can be divided into fresh food type and processing type according to its use, and the seed selection is specific according to the purpose of cultivation. The varieties with good taste, moderate pigment content, good disease resistance and beautiful potato type were selected for fresh food type, and the varieties with high pigment, good disease resistance and high dry rate were selected for processing type.

Seedling raising technique

Early breeding, sufficient cultivation and the formation of early and strong adventitious roots are the basis for quick survival of seedlings, early and more tubers and high yield. In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as black spot of purple sweet potato, it is necessary to keep strict control before raising seedlings. Potato pieces without scars and disease spots are selected to make all kinds of potatoes. The seeds can be soaked with 1000 times of methyl topiramate at a temperature of 51-54 ℃ or with 25% carbendazim for about 5 minutes.

1. Prepare the seedbed

Seedlings are generally raised in sunny days in the middle or late March, choosing sandy soil or sandy loam soil which is leeward to the sun, high dryness, good soil permeability, rich in organic matter and convenient management. The seedbed is 1.2m wide and deep 20~30cm, depending on the garden. 1O~15 load of manure and urine of mature people was applied per mu, and the potatoes were drained after being absorbed through the soil.

2. Arrange the seed potatoes

When the temperature reaches about 15 degrees, the purple sweet potato seeds are discharged on the seedling bed, generally using seed potato 18kg per square meter, back up, head slightly higher, tail muddy, head and tail direction consistent, and then mu with rotten fence fertilizer 1O~15 load, evenly covered on the seed potato, covered with 1.5-2cm fine soil, then covered with plastic film, surrounded by fine soil compaction.

3. Seedbed management

Nursery bed management mainly focuses on heat preservation, moisturizing, ventilation and other measures, mainly temperature. Before emergence, cover the grass curtain at night and keep the bed temperature 25-35 ℃. After emergence, the temperature should be controlled at 20-25 ℃. To prevent the seedlings from burning at high temperature, such as the temperature in the film exceeds 30 ℃, ventilation and heat dissipation should be done in time to prevent seedling burning. Do a good job of heat preservation when the cold wave comes. Seed potatoes are generally not watered before emergence to facilitate high temperature germination, disease prevention and seedling emergence. If the seedling bed is too dry, spray water on the seedling bed with a sprayer. Attention should be paid to the humidity of the seedling bed after emergence. When the seedling bed turns white, it should be watered in time, wet the bed soil and sprinkled with rare manure urine to promote the growth of potato seedlings. Seed potatoes should be fertilized after germination. The first "red bud" period, generally thin human feces and urine is better; when the seedling height of 10-13 cm, you can carry out the second topdressing, with human feces and urine or urea topdressing. After each fertilization, the seedlings should be poured with clean water to prevent the fertilizer from adhering to the seedlings and causing the phenomenon of burning seedlings. Soil cultivation can be divided into 2-3 times, seedling height of about 10 cm, can be carried out for the first time, every other week for the second time, co-cultivation of 3-5 cm. It is best to mix charred mud ash or rotten compost with fertile loose fine soil and sprinkle it evenly into the seedbed. Soil cultivation can be combined with the application of liquid fertilizer, so that the soil can be cultivated first and then fertilized, so that the soil and the base of the seedling can be closely combined to facilitate early and multiple new roots.

Make ridges by soil preparation

1. Soil treatment

Purple sweet potato has a wide adaptability to soil. in order to achieve high yield, it is suitable to choose sandy soil with loose and fertile soil and high organic matter. Because the root elongation of purple sweet potato is strong, and the root expansion needs deep and loose soil, in order to obtain high yield, it is necessary to deeply plough and rake to preserve soil moisture after thawing in spring, pick out root stubble before transplanting, break bumpy grains, combine fertilization for insect control (soil treatment) and ridging at one time. Spray 47% of Lesbon 0.25-0.5kg into 1000 times of liquid on the ground and turn it deep into the ground every 667 times to prevent underground pests.

2. Deep ploughing and ridging

There are two ways of planting sweet potato: flat planting and ridge planting, and ridge planting is the best. The advantages of ridge planting are: thickening the soil layer, expanding the range of root activity, loosening the soil, expanding the contact area of topsoil with air and sunlight, conducive to gas exchange and increasing soil temperature, increasing the temperature difference between day and night, and facilitating drainage and irrigation. Planting ridges should be carried out when the soil is dry and wet in sunny days, deep furrows and large ridges are better, deep ploughing, fine soil and straight ridges should be achieved in order to drain and irrigate, and the ridge surface should be smooth and smooth to facilitate planing and planting seedlings. The size of the ridge should be determined according to the type of field, soil quality, planting season, planting mode, growing period and variety. For clay with strong water retention, the ridge should be high and narrow; for sand with poor water retention, the ridge should be wide and shorter. The methods of ridging include single ridge and single row (ridge spacing 60-70cm with furrow, plant spacing 20-25cm), single ridge and double row (ridge distance 120cm with furrow, plant spacing 25-30cm) and so on.