The latest course on planting techniques and methods of pepper

Pepper is an important spice crop originating in India, also known as Guyue, Kurokawa and Shirakawa. It is not only a commonly used condiment, but also has certain medicinal properties. Pepper is warm in nature and can dissipate cold. Pepper has antiseptic antibacterial effect, and it can solve fish and shrimp botulinum. There are many pepper varieties, which can be roughly classified into two types: large-leaf species and small-leaf species (strong resistance).

The growing habits of pepper

Pepper grows in shady woods. Slow growth, heat, cold, drought, wind, shear resistance, easy to transplant. Intolerant of waterlogging. Cultivated soil to fertile sandy loam for the best, drainage, lighting needs to be good. China Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces and regions are cultivated. Native to Southeast Asia, it is now widely grown in tropical regions.

Preparation of pepper before planting

1. Selection and planning of pepper garden. Pepper is afraid of ponding, so it should be planted on gentle slope, well-drained flat land and well-permeable soil. Pepper garden area should not be too large, generally 3~5 acres is appropriate. Pepper garden is best rectangular, east-west direction, surrounded by shelterbelt or retain the original forest belt. Pepper garden should have drainage system to remove stagnant water. The pepper garden is 2 meters away from the shelterbelt and 2.5 meters away from pepper. Large trenches are dug, about 100 cm wide and 80 cm deep. A longitudinal trench is set every 15 plants in the garden, 60 cm wide and 50 cm deep. Small trenches are set between the rows to make them communicate with each other to facilitate drainage and reduce water damage and disease.

2. Reclamation. First draw a shelterbelt, then deeply plow 30 cm, remove tree stumps, roots, sundries, etc. in the garden. The slope is below 5°, and the field width is 6 meters. Two rows are planted. Small terraces with a slope of more than 5° are planted in one row. Dig a small drainage ditch inside the terrace. On flat, gentle slopes and large terraces. Ridge planting can also be adopted, which is beneficial to drainage and disease prevention. The planting pond hole is 80 cm wide and 60 cm deep. The topsoil and subsoil are placed separately when digging the hole. After exposure for one month, return soil, apply fully decomposed, clean and finely divided organic fertilizer 30kg, calcium superphosphate 0.25~ 0.5kg, fully mix with topsoil, step tightly, make mound, ready for planting.

3. Open acupoints. Generally, the plant spacing is 2×2.5~3 meters, the fertile soil can be 2×3 meters, and the lean land can be 2×2 meters. The hole is 80 cm wide and 60 cm deep. Topsoil and subsoil are placed separately when digging the hole. After exposure for one month, return the soil (topsoil first). Before returning the soil, apply 5kg of organic fertilizer (or 10kg of fermented organic fertilizer containing phosphorus fertilizer). Mix it with topsoil thoroughly and tread tightly to make a mound ready for planting.

4. Pillars. Today, stone pillars are generally used. 12~15 cm thick, about 2.5~3 meters long (including the buried part 50~70 cm). Trees that provide pepper climbing growth are called live struts. At present, the live pillars used are Erythrina, Pachyderma, Oxtail, Azalea, Areca, Coconut, Jackfruit and so on. The pruning and fertilization management should be paid attention to when using live prop. Another pillar is the stone pillar. Generally, the stem of the stone pillar is 13~15 cm thick, the end is 10~12 cm thick, and the length is about 3 meters (including the buried part 70 cm). And the size is more uniform. If the diameter of the pillar near the ground is less than 12 cm, it is easy to be broken by strong typhoons.

Propagation and Seedling of Pepper

Pepper propagation points sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction of two kinds, asexual reproduction is mainly cuttage propagation, it is the most commonly used in production of reproduction methods. Sexual reproduction is only used for breeding species, rarely used in production, and sexual reproduction is not mentioned here.

1, nursery land preparation, choose calm wind environment, flat or gentle slope, close to water, fertile soil, good drainage sandy loam as nursery land. Deep ploughing and fine harrowing are carried out one month before seedling raising, stones and impurities are removed, the soil is fully exposed to the sun, the soil is leveled and fine, and then the furrow width is 100-120 cm, the height is 25-35 cm, the furrow width is 40 cm, the furrow length depends on the length of the seedling field, and the drainage ditch is opened around.

2. Cuttage propagation: select 1-2.5-year-old young plants with normal growth as mother plants, cut off 4-6 months old vines from mother plants in 5-6 months, vine thickness is more than 0.6 cm, each node has developed living roots, no diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage, the top two sections each have a branch and 12-15 leaves of the main vine, and then cut into 30-40 cm long cuttings with 5-7 nodes, leaving two sides and three knife branches for each insertion, and cutting off many branches. Cuttings should be cut at the same time, cut the mouth dipped in water or the lower part of the cuttings without sub-technology of the vine node immersed in water for 15-20 minutes, the best day to cut seedlings seedling day. It is advisable to take cuttings for seedling when the temperature decreases and the light weakens in cloudy days or sunny afternoons. Furrowing is carried out according to the row spacing of 25-30 cm on the whole seedling bed surface, and then the cuttings are arranged on the surface according to 8-10 cm, so that the aerial roots are closely attached to the inclined soil, and the first section under the top is exposed to the ground, and then the soil is covered from bottom to top respectively.(Use the second row of ditch soil) Compaction, timely watering, watering should be done with the growth of the watering, and finally in the ridge shade, shade degree to maintain 80- 90%, to create a humid cool environmental conditions, improve survival rate.

3, seedling management, pepper seedling period, to strengthen nursery management. On sunny days, drench once a day to keep the soil moist. After the cuttings take root (generally 10-15 days), the number of watering times can be gradually reduced, can be 2-3 days of watering once, the first 20-25 days of seedling, cuttings grow new roots, the top two sections begin to grow, they can be dug up and moved to pepper garden for planting, seedling time is too long, roots are many and long, new vines pull out thin, planting easy to hurt roots and vines, affecting survival and growth. When seedlings should be the first seedbed after the soaks dig seedlings, to avoid root injury. Cut off the roots and new vines that grow too long, leaving only 5-10 cm and 2-3 new main vines to facilitate plant growth, preferably on the same day of planting.

4, nutrition bag cutting seedlings, nutrition bag seedlings facilitate long-distance transportation, at the same time can improve the survival rate of seedlings transplanted, such as seedlings for sale or nursery far away from the pepper garden when the best nutrition seedlings.

(1) Nutrient soil preparation: Nutrient soil preparation is the key to cultivating seedlings in nutrient bags. The quality of nutrient soil configuration directly affects the growth and quality of seedlings. The matrix used for nutrient soil preparation should be determined according to the conditions around the nursery. Generally, forest soil and fire ash are mixed with appropriate calcium, and the ratio is 10:1:0.2. The purpose is to make the nutrient soil sufficient to meet the requirements of nutrition at seedling stage. Combined with the preparation of nutrient soil, carbendazim 300 times or methyl 500 times is sprayed for soil disinfection.

② Nutrient soil bagging: sieve the prepared nutrient soil with a mesh of 0.8X0.8cm fine iron sieve, mix the materials evenly, put the materials into plastic film bags with the specification of 10X13cm, and then place the materials on the seedbed completely, the number of bags placed is subject to convenient management, generally 20 bags per row is appropriate, the bags are required to be fully placed correctly, the bags are compressed without gaps, the bags around the seedbed are surrounded by soil after the seedbed is filled, and the height is one half of the height of the bags, In order to maintain the moisture and temperature of the seedbed, 110,000 bags are generally placed on an acre.

3. 1-2 days after the nutrient soil is bagged and placed, cuttings can be cut. When cutting, insert a small hole in the bag with a small stick, and insert the treated cuttings along the hole. then lightly treading the bag soil by hand to fully contact the nutrient soil with the cuttings, watering the bag soil in time, watering the bag along with the cuttings, watering the bag once every other day or 2-3 days after the cuttings sprout and take root, ensuring that the bag is moist and meets the moisture required for growth, and finally setting up a shed on the ridge surface to shade the cuttings, wherein the shade degree is maintained at 80-85 percent, so as to create a humid and cool environmental condition and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.