How to get out of the predicament of rotation management of grain reserves

China basically implements a static management mode for grain reserves at all levels, and once the reserve scale is implemented, it is not allowed to leave the warehouse at will without the approval of the relevant departments. In the case of complete marketization of grain purchase and marketing, storage enterprises often delay rotation because of the disconnection between planning instructions and the market, cannot rotate out when grain prices are high, do not dare to buy when grain prices are low, and cannot get out when they want to come in.

Now that the summer grain harvest is coming to an end, the reserve grain depots in Anhui, Hubei and other major grain producing areas actively organize the rotation of grain reserves, speed up policy grain auctions, and free up enough storage for the purchase of summer grain as far as possible. However, at present, the grain market is in the doldrums, and the rotation of grain reserves often falls into the predicament of "high price in, low price out". The price difference in rotation is getting bigger and bigger, and the reserve enterprises suffer serious losses.

Machine selection and rotation

Grasp the initiative of management

When the reporter arrived at the warehouse of Anhui Modern Grain Center, dozens of grain trucks were waiting in line to enter the reservoir area. GE Liang, director of the central depot, told reporters that this year, the task of rotation of grain reserves in their grain depots is heavy, with a daily output of more than 4000 tons. After more than two months of continuous operation, the rotation work has been basically completed, freeing up enough storage capacity for the purchase of new grain.

It is understood that China basically adopts a static management method for grain reserves at all levels. Once the reserve scale is implemented, it is not allowed to go out of the warehouse at will without the approval of the relevant departments, and it can only be rotated after being approved by the management department during grain rotation, and the storage enterprises have no autonomy. In the case of complete marketization of grain purchase and marketing, storage enterprises often delay rotation because of the disconnection between planning instructions and the market, cannot rotate out when grain prices are high, do not dare to buy when grain prices are low, and cannot get out when they want to come in.

In order to get rid of the difficulties faced by the storage enterprises, Anhui innovates the provincial reserve mechanism, implements the methods of government backing, opportunity rotation and public auction, and combines static management with dynamic management. For example, Anhui modern grain center warehouse can comprehensively consider the market situation and the changes in the quality of grain stocks, and choose the opportunity to rotate.

Dai Shaoqin, an inspector of the Anhui Grain Bureau, told reporters that there are two main reasons why they choose to choose a machine for rotation: first, Anhui has a large amount of rain and humidity, and if it is rotated every three years, it may affect the quality of grain. Second, the current grain inventory is high and the warehouse capacity is under great pressure. Choosing an opportunity to rotate can not only reduce the inventory pressure, but also reduce the rotation loss and reduce the burden of financial subsidies.

As a major grain producing area, Anhui still carries out financial backing for provincial grain reserves in the face of financial shortage. "because of the financial background, there is no rotation pressure on grain depots, so they can manage the grain depots wholeheartedly." GE Liang said, "We adopt advanced grain storage technology and implement a strict grain purchase policy. the grain storage quality is very good, it is very popular in rotational auctions, and the sales price is often higher than the market price."

Commercial reserve

Win-win situation of storage and processing

In recent years, the state has raised the minimum grain purchase price in successive years, and grain production and marketing prices have been upside down. grain reserve enterprises are not only facing the risk of rotation losses, but also make it difficult for grain processing enterprises to operate. The implementation of machine-choosing rotation of grain reserves in Anhui has temporarily alleviated the plight of grain reserve enterprises, but it is unable to change the operational difficulties of grain processing enterprises. In view of the current losses of reserve enterprises and the operational difficulties of grain processing enterprises, Hubei innovates the management mechanism of local grain reserves, explores the model of entrusting leading grain processing enterprises to establish commercial reserves, and promotes cooperation between grain reserve enterprises and processing enterprises. to achieve complementary advantages.

In 2010, Hubei entrusted part of the provincial grain reserves to 19 powerful and reputable grain and oil processing enterprises and large commercial chain enterprises for storage, usually participated in enterprise operating turnover, and put into emergency supply in case of emergency.

Xiong Guibin, deputy director of the Hubei Provincial Grain Bureau, believes that the innovation of the management mechanism of grain reserves in Hubei is actually on the premise of ensuring that the local government's ownership, use and supervision of local grain reserves remain unchanged. We will appropriately separate the ownership and management rights of grain reserves, and promote the establishment of a long-term and stable cooperative relationship between state-owned grain reserve enterprises and leading grain processing enterprises. Change the traditional business model of "buying and selling raw grain".

Gong Wei, director of the Regulation and Control Department of the Hubei Grain Bureau, believes that the new management model of grain reserves has achieved a win-win situation for grain reserve enterprises and processing enterprises. For reserve enterprises, in the past, in order to prevent the risk of reserve grain rotation, the reserve grain rotation risk reserve was established to make up for the rotation loss, but the current grain price inversion is serious, and the reserve grain rotation risk reserve is unable to make up for the rotation loss. Grain reserve enterprises cooperate with leading grain processing enterprises to transfer the grain they need to turn out to processing enterprises for processing and sales, and the two sides agree on a settlement price over a period of time, regardless of whether the market price fluctuates or not. the processing enterprise is responsible for bringing in the new grain, and the reserve enterprise does not bear the risk of rotation. For the processing enterprises, the food sources urgently needed for processing are obtained, and the operating costs are reduced.

Hubei Jingzhou Fuwa Group Yinxin Rice Industry Co., Ltd. is a national key agricultural industrialization enterprise integrating grain purchase, rice processing and sales. Liu Shoujun, chief executive of Fuwa Group, told reporters that his company has been responsible for provincial commercial grain reserves since 2009. In 2014, the company acquired 22500 tons of provincial commercial grain reserves at a price of 1.43 yuan per jin. The provincial finance allocated 3.95 million yuan for surrogate storage subsidies, including 3.65 million yuan for interest and 300000 yuan for safekeeping expenses. In order to manage the commercial grain reserves well, Fuwa set up an acquisition team, which is responsible for the whole process management of grain reserves, and strictly checks the purchase and management links. Over the past few years, there have been no quality problems with the company's grain reserves.

"since undertaking the collection and storage of provincial commercial grain reserves, the company has not only achieved considerable economic benefits, but also improved social benefits, promoted the development of the local grain processing industry, and played its due role in the local grain emergency supply and market regulation." Liu Shoujun said.

Fixed reserves based on sales

Encourage the purchase of quality grain

Experts believe that the more grain reserves, the better. The mode of fixed storage on the basis of sales should be explored, and collection and storage enterprises should be encouraged to purchase high-quality rice. Grain reserves should pay attention to both quantity and quality, and calculate both safety and economic accounts.

Jingzhou, Hubei Province is the main producing area of high-quality rice, and the cultivation of high-quality rice accounts for more than 90%. There is no problem of upside down production and marketing of high-quality rice, and it is often acquired as soon as it is listed on the market. At present, the national grain collection and storage policy is not conducive to the development of high-quality rice, so reserve enterprises should be encouraged to reserve high-quality rice. However, the storage time of high-quality rice is short, the quality of high-quality rice stored for more than one year will change greatly, the sales price will decrease obviously, and there is a greater storage risk.

Zhang Youqing, director of Jingzhou Grain Depot, told reporters that in the past two years, grain reserves have fallen into the predicament of high prices in and out of low prices. The state's minimum purchase price plan requires that the purchase price be not lower than the minimum purchase price, but the sales are completely market-oriented, resulting in a rotation loss of enterprises year after year, with a loss of more than 3 million yuan in one year. Although the reserve grain rotation risk reserve can make up for some losses, the grain price upside down is so serious that it can not fundamentally solve the problem. "the loss dropped sharply last year, with a loss of only more than 800,000 yuan. This is because we bought some high-quality rice and made a profit during rotation." Zhang Youqing said.

The reporter learned in the interview that the current rice market is in the doldrums, but the high-quality rice market is bullish. Dong Zengyu, deputy general manager of Hefei National Grain Trading Center, told reporters that recently, in the process of organizing national policy grain auctions, they found that the turnover rate of high-quality grain was very high, while that of ordinary grain was almost zero, which shows that grain processing enterprises have a very strong demand for high-quality grain sources.

The shortage of high-quality grain in the market is related to the guidance of national policy, and the purchase policy of supporting the market makes it difficult for high-quality grain to give full play to its advantages. A large wheat grower in Binzhou, Shandong Province told reporters that he had planted more than 20 mu of high-quality wheat, the yield of high-quality wheat was low, it was difficult to manage in the field, and he was vulnerable to bad weather. However, when selling to reserve enterprises, there is no difference in the price between his family's high-quality wheat and ordinary wheat, and high-quality wheat does not sell at a good price.

For the reserve enterprises, the storage cycle of high-quality grain is short, and the storage conditions are high, which is not conducive to storage. At present, the national policy stipulates that the policy grain storage is generally 3 years, while the storage cycle of high-quality rice is generally 1-2 years, which limits the enthusiasm of enterprises to store high-quality grain.

We will greatly increase the planting area of high-quality grain.